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  • Human Genome Project: Dr Jonathan Beckwith, American biologist. As a respected scientist working with genetic engineering technology, Beckwith is concerned about the social & legal implications of human genetic screening, an option that might arise from the successful completion of the human genome project - an ambitious plan to make a complete biochemical survey of every gene expressed on all the 23 pairs of human chromosomes. MODEL RELEASED (1989).
    USA_SCI_HGP_21_xs.jpg
  • Human Genome Project: Columbia University. Charles Cantor, American biologist, photographed in a laboratory at Columbia University, New York, in May 1989. Cantor's area of research is human genetics. With colleagues at Columbia, he has contributed to work on the human genome project, an ambitious plant to construct a complete biochemical document detailing every gene expressed on each of the 23 pairs of human chromosomes. MODEL RELEASED (1989).
    USA_SCI_HGP_10_xs.jpg
  • Research on the human genome: Dr Peter Lichter, of Yale Medical School, using a light microscope to do fine mapping of long DNA fragments on human chromosomes using a technique known as non- radioactive in-situ hybridization. The chromosomes appear in red on the monitor screen, whilst the DNA fragments (called probes) appear yellow/green. Mapping chromosomes may be regarded as a physical survey of each chromosome to find the location of genes or other markers. Mapping & sequencing are the two main phases of the genome project; an ambitious plan to build a complete blueprint of human genetic information..Human Genome Project.
    USA_SCI_HGP_07_xs.jpg
  • Human Genome Project: Dr Jonathan Beckwith, American biologist, examining through a magnifying glass, a Petri dish containing a genetically- engineered colony of the bacteria, Escherichia coli, (not in photo) in his laboratory at Harvard Medical School. As a respected scientist working with genetic engineering technology, Beckwith is concerned about the social & legal implications of human genetic screening, an option that might arise from the successful completion of the human genome project - an ambitious plan to make a complete biochemical survey of every gene expressed on all the 23 pairs of human chromosomes. MODEL RELEASED (1989)
    USA_SCI_HGP_05_xs.jpg
  • Biosphere 2 Project undertaken by Space Biosphere Ventures, a private ecological research firm funded by Edward P. Bass of Texas.  Biosphere scientist Mark van Thillo is spearfishing, while a tourist observes, inside the artificial ocean of the Biosphere 2 Project during construction. The Ocean 'biome' provided a source of fish during the two-year duration Project. Water that evaporated from the surface of the 'ocean' was condensed and filtered to provide fresh water for consumption and to replenish the freshwater stream.  Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization. 1992
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_62_xs.jpg
  • Biosphere 2 Project undertaken by Space Biosphere Ventures, a private ecological research firm funded by Edward P. Bass of Texas.  Biosphere scientist Abigail Alling seen diving inside the artificial ocean of the Biosphere 2 Project during construction. The Ocean 'biome' provided a source of fish during the two-year duration of the Project. Water that evaporated from the surface of the 'ocean' was condensed and filtered to provide fresh water for consumption by the and to replenish the freshwater stream.  Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization.  1990
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_61_xs.jpg
  • Biosphere 2 Project undertaken by Space Biosphere Ventures, a private ecological research firm funded by Edward P. Bass of Texas.  Biosphere scientists Goga Malich (right) and Taber McCallum seen after diving inside the artificial ocean of the Biosphere 2 Project during construction. The Ocean 'biome' provided a source of fish during the two-year duration of the Project. Water that evaporated from the surface of the 'ocean' was condensed and filtered to provide fresh water for consumption and to replenish the freshwater stream.  Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization.  1990
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_32_xs.jpg
  • Biosphere 2 Project undertaken by Space Biosphere Ventures, a private ecological research firm funded by Edward P. Bass of Texas.  Biosphere scientist Abigail Alling seen in the artificial ocean of the Biosphere 2 Project during construction. The Ocean 'biome' provided a source of fish during the two-year duration of the Project. Water that evaporated from the surface of the 'ocean' was condensed and filtered to provide fresh water for consumption and to replenish the freshwater stream.  Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization. 1990
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_31_xs.jpg
  • USA_SCI_BIOSPH_83_xs <br />
Biosphere 2 Project undertaken by Space Biosphere Ventures, a private ecological research firm funded by Edward P. Bass of Texas.  Carl Hodges, Director of the Environmental Research Lab at the University of Arizona and a consultant of the project. Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization. The $30 million Biosphere covers 2.5 acres near Tucson, Arizona, and was entirely self- contained. The eight ‘Biospherian’s’ shared their air- and water-tight world with 3,800 species of plant and animal life. The project had problems with oxygen levels and food supply, and has been criticized over its scientific validity. MODEL RELEASED 1989
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_83_xs.jpg
  • First atomic bomb test site: Site Trinity ground zero, the still radioactive piece of desert in the White Sands Missile Range, which was witness to the world's first nuclear explosion on August 6, 1945. Each year the site is open to the public for one day. Visitors to ground zero listen to a Manhattan Project scientist reminisce while standing next to an original Fat Man bomb casing, on loan from the nearby Atomic Museum in Albuquerque, New Mexico. .Test site of the first atomic bomb, part of the Manhattan Project. Trinity was detonated at 5:29am on 16th July 1945 at the Los Alamos site in New Mexico, USA.  (1984)
    USA_SCI_NUKE_06_xs.jpg
  • Walter Gilbert, Harvard University Nobel laureate scientist, appears next to a computer graphics representation of the DNA molecule in this double- exposure photograph. Gilbert is a leading proponent of the human genome project, an ambitious plan to build a complete, detailed biochemical document of every gene expressed on each of the 23 pairs of human chromosomes. MODEL RELEASED May 1989..Human Genome Project.
    USA_SCI_HGP_04_xs.jpg
  • Fans invited off a street in Tokyo's Harajuku area to meet Pino pose with the popular robot. Pino, short for Pinocchio (after the fabled wooden puppet that becomes a human boy), is a full-bodied, child-sized, humanoid robot. Even before it demonstrates the ability of a wide range of bipedal movements it already has a national following in Japan after the release of a music video called "Can You Keep a Secret" in which the robot stars alongside one of Japan's most popular recording artists, Hikaru Utada. It has elevated Tatsuya Matsui, the artist who created the robot design, to celebrity status and provoked murmurs of dissent by some in the robotics community who see the robot as a commercial entity rather than a serious research project. Interestingly, the robot project is part of a large ERATO grant from the Japan Science and Technology Corporation, a branch of the Science and Technology Agency of the Japanese government. Project creator Hiraoki Kitano  believes that the aesthetics of a robot are important in order for it to be accepted by humans into their living space. At the Kitano Symbiotic Systems, Tokyo, Japan.
    Japan_Jap_rs_451_xs.jpg
  • By creating a simulacrum of the human eye, the DB project leader and biophysicist Mitsuo Kawato hopes to learn more about human vision. The DB project is funded by the Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO) Humanoid Project and led by independent researcher Mitsuo Kawato. Based at a research facility 30 miles outside of Kyoto, Japan. From the book Robo sapiens: Evolution of a New Species, page 55.
    Japan_JAP_rs_227_qxxs.jpg
  • USA_SCI_BIOSPH_84_xs <br />
Biosphere 2 Project undertaken by Space Biosphere Ventures, a private ecological research firm funded by Edward P. Bass of Texas.  Carl Hodges, Director of the Environmental Research Lab at the University of Arizona, and consultant on the project inside the rainforest biome of Biosphere 2. Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization. The $30 million Biosphere covers 2.5 acres near Tucson, Arizona, and was entirely self- contained. The eight ‘Biospherian’s’ shared their air- and water-tight world with 3,800 species of plant and animal life. The project had problems with oxygen levels and food supply, and has been criticized over its scientific validity. MODEL RELEASED 1990
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_84_xs.jpg
  • USA_SCI_BIOSPH_82_xs <br />
Biosphere 2 Project undertaken by Space Biosphere Ventures, a private ecological research firm funded by Edward P. Bass of Texas.  Margaret Augustine, project architect. Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization. The $30 million Biosphere covers 2.5 acres near Tucson, Arizona, and was entirely self- contained. The eight ‘Biospherian’s’ shared their air- and water-tight world with 3,800 species of plant and animal life. The project had problems with oxygen levels and food supply, and has been criticized over its scientific validity. 1989
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_82_xs.jpg
  • USA_SCI_BIOSPH_76_xs <br />
Biosphere 2 Project undertaken by Space Biosphere Ventures, a private ecological research firm funded by Edward P. Bass of Texas.  Tony Burgess, a biologist and consultant to the project, in the Arizona desert with saguaro cacti.  Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization. The $30 million Biosphere covers 2.5 acres near Tucson, Arizona, and was entirely self- contained. The eight ‘Biospherian’s’ shared their air- and water-tight world with 3,800 species of plant and animal life. The project had problems with oxygen levels and food supply, and has been criticized over its scientific validity.1990
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_76_xs.jpg
  • Human Genome Project: Columbia University. Charles Cantor, American biologist, photographed in a laboratory at Columbia University, New York, in May 1989. Cantor's area of research is human genetics. With colleagues at Columbia, he has contributed to work on the human genome project, an ambitious plant to construct a complete biochemical document detailing every gene expressed on each of the 23 pairs of human chromosomes. MODEL RELEASED (1989).
    USA_SCI_HGP_09_xs.jpg
  • Dr. Paul MacCready, inventor and chairman of AeroVironment Inc., Simi Valley, California, with members of his staff in one of the company's cramped workrooms. Wing sections of the Centurion project aircraft hang from the ceiling. They are raised to save space when not being worked on. Robo sapiens Project.
    Usa_rs_1k_120_xs.jpg
  • Biosphere 2 Project undertaken by Space Biosphere Ventures, a private ecological research firm funded by Edward P. Bass of Texas.  Three of the eight candidates for the Biosphere 2 Project, seen at the top of the Biosphere 'mountain' during construction (Norberto Alvarez-Romo Taber McCallum, Bernd Zabel). 1990
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_43_xs.jpg
  • New Mexico, First atomic bomb test site: Site Trinity ground zero, the still radioactive piece of desert in the White Sands Missile Range, which was witness to the world's first nuclear explosion on August 6, 1945. Each year the site is open to the public for one day. Visitors to ground zero listen to a Manhattan Project scientist reminisce while standing next to an original Fat Man bomb casing, on loan from the nearby Atomic Museum in Albuquerque, New Mexico.
    USA_SCI_NUKE_04_xs.jpg
  • Research on the human genome: laboratory at Columbia University, Lee Hood Lab, New York, showing row of electrophoresis gels used for DNA sequencing experiments on human chromosomes. DNA sequencing involves decoding the base pair sequence of sections of DNA - most usefully, those sections called genes which encode specific proteins. Sequencing and mapping - surveying each of the 23 pairs of human chromosomes to locate genes or other important markers - are two phases in the human genome project. Constructing such a complete genetic map involves a detailed biochemical survey of every gene expressed on all 23 pairs of human chromosomes.
    USA_SCI_HGP_33_xs.jpg
  • Computer graphics space-filling representation of a section of a DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) molecule, the genetic material of most living organisms. The double helix of DNA may be regarded as a twisted ladder, the rungs of which are complementary pairs of organic bases: adenine pairs with thymine, cytosine with guanine. It is a precise sequence of DNA bases (a gene), which instructs cells to make a specific amino acid, chains of which form proteins. DNA is the major component of the chromosomes within a cell's nucleus and, through its control of protein synthesis, plays a central role in determining inherited characteristics. DNA computer model in Walter Gilbert's Lab..Human Genome Project.
    USA_SCI_HGP_31_xs.jpg
  • Circular computer scanner used to read sections of DNA sequencing autoradiograms for subsequent computer analysis, part of the human genome project studies at Cal Tech, Lee Hood Lab, USA. The term genome describes the full set of genes expressed by an organism's chromosomes. A gene is a section of DNA that instructs a cell to make a specific protein. The task of constructing such a complete blueprint of genetic information for humans is divided into two main phases: mapping genes and other markers on chromosomes, and decoding the DNA sequences of genes on all the chromosomes. Numerous laboratories worldwide are engaged on various aspects of genome research.
    USA_SCI_HGP_29_xs.jpg
  • Harvard scientist Walter Gilbert studying a DNA sequencing autoradiogram, made in the course of research associated with the human genome project. The term genome describes the full set of genes expressed by an organism's chromosomes. A gene is a section of DNA that instructs a cell to make a specific protein. The task of constructing such a complete blueprint of genetic information for humans is divided into two main phases: mapping genes and other markers on chromosomes, and decoding the DNA sequences of genes on all the chromosomes. Numerous laboratories worldwide are engaged on various aspects of genome research. MODEL RELEASED.
    USA_SCI_HGP_26_xs.jpg
  • Human Genome Project: Portrait of Leroy Hood, Caltech scientist. Leroy Hood is an American biologist. He won the 2003 Lemelson-MIT Prize for inventing "four instruments that have unlocked much of the mystery of human biology" by helping decode the genome. Hood also won the 2002 Kyoto Prize for Advanced Technology, and the 1987 Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research. His inventions include the automated DNA sequencer, a device to create proteins and an automated tool for synthesizing DNA. Hood co-founded the Institute for Systems Biology. MODEL RELEASED (1989).
    USA_SCI_HGP_25_xs.jpg
  • Fluorescence micrograph of human chromosomes showing the mapping of cloned fragments of DNA (DNA probes) to the long arms of chromosome 11. In this image, the chromosomes are stained to give red fluorescence, with the probes appearing as areas of green/yellow fluorescence on the ends of the chromosomes. Mapping chromosomes may be regarded as a physical survey of each chromosome to find the location of genes or other markers. Mapping & sequencing (decoding the base-pair sequence of all the DNA in each chromosome) are the two main phases of the human genome project, an ambitious plan to reveal all of the genetic information encoded by every human chromosome.
    USA_SCI_HGP_19_xs.jpg
  • Montage of a fluorescence micrograph of human chromosomes showing the mapping of cloned fragments of DNA (DNA probes), overlaid with the silhouette of an infant & a computer graphics model of the DNA molecule. The chromosomes are stained to give red fluorescence; with the DNA probes represented as small regions of green/yellow fluorescence. Mapping chromosomes may be regarded as a physical survey of each chromosome to find the location of genes or other markers. DNA mapping is one phase of the human genome project, an ambitious plan to reveal all of the genetic information encoded by every human chromosome.
    USA_SCI_HGP_18_xs.jpg
  • Research on the human genome: composite image of an infant and a computer graphics model of the DNA molecule overlaid on a computer enhanced DNA sequencing autoradiogram. DNA sequencing of chromosomes involves decoding the base pair sequence of sections of DNA - most usefully, those sections called genes which encode specific proteins. Sequencing and mapping - surveying each of the 23 pairs of human chromosomes to locate genes or other important markers - are two phases in the human genome project. The construction of such a complete genetic map involves a detailed biochemical survey of every gene expressed on all 23 pairs of human chromosomes.  (1989).
    USA_SCI_HGP_17_xs.jpg
  • Human Genome Project: Cal Tech, Lee Hood Lab. Computer monitor showing DNA Sequencing Gels: Computer Assisted.  (1989)
    USA_SCI_HGP_15_xs.jpg
  • Scientist works in a darkroom; preparing to photograph an agarose electrophoresis gel used in mapping DNA extracted from chromosomes of the bacteria Escherichia coli. DNA mapping refers to a physical survey of each of an organism's chromosomes in an attempt to locate genes or other landmarks. Mapping and sequencing (decoding the DNA base-pair sequences of chromosomes) are the two phases of the human genome project, an ambitious plan to reveal all of the information encoded in the 23 pairs of human chromosomes.  Dr Jonathan Beckwith's laboratory at Harvard, USA, May 1989.
    USA_SCI_HGP_13_xs.jpg
  • Biosphere 2 Project undertaken by Space Biosphere Ventures, a private ecological research firm funded by Edward P. Bass of Texas.  Dr. Roy Walford, former pathologist at UCLA and one of the eight inhabitants of the Biosphere, seen in the Pacific Ocean with girlfriend Barbara Smith and his daughter Lisa at Venice Beach, California. Walford authored a book titled The Anti-Aging Plan. He died in 2004 at age 79 of ALS. Walford had been involved in the Project since 1983, and set up the Biosphere's medical centre.  Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization. MODEL RELEASED 1990
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_24_xs.jpg
  • Biosphere 2 Project undertaken by Space Biosphere Ventures, a private ecological research firm funded by Edward P. Bass of Texas.  Roy Walford, former pathologist at UCLA and one of the eight inhabitants of the Biosphere, seen in the rain forest 'biome'. Walford authored a book titled The Anti-Aging Plan. He died in 2004 at age 79 of ALS. Walford had been involved in the Project since 1983, and set up the Biosphere's medical centre.  Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization.  MODEL RELEASED 1990
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_21_xs.jpg
  • Biosphere 2 Project undertaken by Space Biosphere Ventures, a private ecological research firm funded by Edward P. Bass of Texas.  Roy Walford, former pathologist at UCLA and one of the eight inhabitants of the Biosphere, seen inside Biosphere 2 talking to his girlfriend Barbara Smith via videophone. Walford authored a book titled The Anti-Aging Plan. He died in 2004 at age 79 of ALS. Walford had been involved in the Project since 1983, and set up the Biosphere's medical centre.  Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization. MODEL RELEASED 1990
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_20_xs.jpg
  • Biosphere 2 Project undertaken by Space Biosphere Ventures, a private ecological research firm funded by Edward P. Bass of Texas.  Roy Walford, former pathologist at UCLA and one of the eight inhabitants of the Biosphere, seen inside Biosphere 2 threshing wheat. Walford authored a book titled The Anti-Aging Plan. He died in 2004 at age 79 of ALS. Walford had been involved in the Project since 1983, and set up the Biosphere's medical centre.  Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization.  MODEL RELEASED 1990
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_19_xs.jpg
  • Biosphere 2 Project undertaken by Space Biosphere Ventures, a private ecological research firm funded by Edward P. Bass of Texas.  Roy Walford, former pathologist at UCLA and one of the eight inhabitants of the Biosphere, seen inside Biosphere 2 with his lunch (all food grown in the Biosphere). Walford authored a book titled The Anti-Aging Plan. He died in 2004 at age 79 of ALS. Walford had been involved in the Project since 1983, and set up the Biosphere's medical centre.  Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization.  MODEL RELEASED 1992
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_18_xs.jpg
  • Biosphere 2 Project undertaken by Space Biosphere Ventures, a private ecological research firm funded by Edward P. Bass of Texas.  Biosphere candidate Roy Walford, former pathologist at UCLA Medical School with frozen tissue sample stored in liquid nitrogen, for aging studies. Shot here in Los Angeles with tissue sample from his dead father. Walford authored a book titled The Anti-Aging Plan. He died in 2004 at age 79 of ALS. Walford had been involved in the Project since 1983, and had set up the Biosphere's medical centre.  Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization.  MODEL RELEASED 1990
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_17_xs.jpg
  • Biosphere 2 Project undertaken by Space Biosphere Ventures, a private ecological research firm funded by Edward P. Bass of Texas.  Biosphere candidate Roy Walford, former pathologist at the UCLA Medical School, preparing to give an injection to a fellow Biospherian. Walford authored a book titled The Anti-Aging Plan. He died in 2004 at age 79 of ALS. Walford had been involved in the Project since 1983, and had set up the Biosphere's medical centre.  Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization.  MODEL RELEASED 1990
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_15_xs.jpg
  • Biosphere 2 Project undertaken by Space Biosphere Ventures, a private ecological research firm funded by Edward P. Bass of Texas.  Three of the eight candidates for the Biosphere 2 Project (Taber McCallum, Bernd Zabel, Norberto Alvarez-Romo), seen at the top of the Biosphere 'mountain' during construction. Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization.  1990
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_09_xs.jpg
  • Biosphere 2 Project undertaken by Space Biosphere Ventures, a private ecological research firm funded by Edward P. Bass of Texas.  Four Biosphere 2 project candidates with a small goat. Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization.1990
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_06_xs.jpg
  • Biosphere 2 Project undertaken by Space Biosphere Ventures, a private ecological research firm funded by Edward P. Bass of Texas.  Four Biosphere 2 project candidates with a little goat.   Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization. 1990
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_05_xs.jpg
  • Biosphere 2 Project undertaken by Space Biosphere Ventures, a private ecological research firm funded by Edward P. Bass of Texas. Candidates for 1990's Biosphere 2 project at a press conference just before being sealed inside the Biosphere for two-years. Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization.  1990
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_04_xs.jpg
  • Biosphere 2 Project undertaken by Space Biosphere Ventures, a private ecological research firm funded by Edward P. Bass of Texas. Candidates for 1990's Biosphere 2 project. Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization. 1989
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_01_xs.jpg
  • Pino, short for Pinocchio (after the fabled wooden puppet that becomes a human boy), is a full-bodied, child-sized, humanoid robot. Even before it demonstrates the ability of a wide range of bipedal movements it already has a national following in Japan after the release of a music video called "Can You Keep a Secret" in which the robot stars alongside one of Japan's most popular recording artists, Hikaru Utada. It has elevated Tatsuya Matsui, the artist who created the robot design, to celebrity status. The robot project is part of a large ERATO grant from the Japan Science and Technology Corporation, a branch of the Science and Technology Agency of the Japanese government. Project creator Hiraoki Kitano believes that the aesthetics of a robot are important in order for it to be accepted by humans into their living space. At the Kitano Symbiotic Systems, Tokyo, Japan.
    Japan_Jap_rs_458_xs.jpg
  • Soumana Natomo's two wives and a number of their children in the community of Kouakourou, Mali, look at photographs from the initial countries shot for Material World: A Global Family Project before they decided to paticipate in the project. Mali was the third country photographed. The Natomo family lives in two mud brick houses in the village of Kouakourou, Mali, on the banks of the Niger River. They are grain traders and own a mango orchard. According to tradition Soumana is allowed to take up to four wives; he has two. Wives Pama and Fatoumata are partners in the family and care for their many children together.
    Mal_mw_702_xs.jpg
  • The Ukita family's possessions displayed in front of their house before the family photograph for the Material World project. The family is situated on the two balconies of the upstairs bedrooms for this preliminary photograph. The Ukita family lives in a 1421 square foot wooden frame house in a suburb northwest of Tokyo, Japan, called Kodaira City. Material World Project.
    Japan_Jap_mw_17_xs.jpg
  • USA_SCI_BIOSPH_81_xs <br />
Biosphere 2 Project undertaken by Space Biosphere Ventures, a private ecological research firm funded by Edward P. Bass of Texas.  Architect Philip Hawes at a computer workstation, with Biosphere construction on his computer and projected onto the background.  Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization. The $30 million Biosphere covers 2.5 acres near Tucson, Arizona, and was entirely self- contained. The eight ‘Biospherian’s’ shared their air- and water-tight world with 3,800 species of plant and animal life. The project had problems with oxygen levels and food supply, and has been criticized over its scientific validity. 1990
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_81_xs.jpg
  • Site Trinity ground zero, the still radioactive piece of desert in the White Sands Missile Range, which was witness to the world's first nuclear explosion on August 6, 1945. Each year the site is open to the public for one day. Visitors to ground zero listen to a Manhattan Project scientist reminisce while standing next to an original Fat Man bomb casing, on loan from the nearby Atomic Museum in Albuquerque, New Mexico.
    USA_SCI_NUKE_03_xs.jpg
  • Fluorescence micrograph of human chromosomes showing the anonymous mapping of cloned fragments of DNA (DNA probes) on chromosome 6. The chromosomes are stained to give red fluorescence, with the DNA probes represented by regions of green/yellow fluorescence. Mapping chromosomes may be regarded as a physical survey of each chromosome to find the location of genes or other markers. Mapping & sequencing (decoding the base-pair sequence of all the DNA in each chromosome) are the two main phases of the human genome project, an ambitious plan to reveal all of the genetic information encoded by every human chromosome. Magnification: x12500 at 35mm size.
    USA_SCI_HGP_34_xs.jpg
  • Circular computer scanner used to read sections of DNA sequencing autoradiograms for subsequent computer analysis, part of the human genome project studies at Cal Tech, Lee Hood Lab, USA. The term genome describes the full set of genes expressed by an organism's chromosomes. A gene is a section of DNA that instructs a cell to make a specific protein. The task of constructing such a complete blueprint of genetic information for humans is divided into two main phases: mapping genes and other markers on chromosomes, and decoding the DNA sequences of genes on all the chromosomes. Numerous laboratories worldwide are engaged on various aspects of genome research.
    USA_SCI_HGP_30_xs.jpg
  • Human Genome Project: Cal Tech, Lee Hood Lab. Reading DNA Sequencing Gels: Computer Assisted.  1989.
    USA_SCI_HGP_23_xs.jpg
  • Conical flask containing a swirling vortex of liquid; one item of equipment used in Charles Cantor's laboratory at Columbia University, New York, in research on the human genome project. Colored radiograms used in DNA sequencing are visible in background to the left of the flask. The term "genome" describes the full set of genes expressed by an organism's chromosomes. The task of constructing such a complete blueprint of genetic information for humans is divided into two main phases: mapping genes and other markers on chromosomes, and decoding the DNA sequences of genes on all the chromosomes.
    USA_SCI_HGP_20_xs.jpg
  • Research on the human genome: composite image of an infant and a computer graphics model of the DNA molecule overlaid on a computer enhanced DNA sequencing autoradiogram. DNA sequencing of chromosomes involves decoding the base pair sequence of sections of DNA - most usefully, those sections called genes which encode specific proteins. Sequencing and mapping - surveying each of the 23 pairs of human chromosomes to locate genes or other important markers - are two phases in the human genome project. The construction of such a complete genetic map involves a detailed biochemical survey of every gene expressed on all 23 pairs of human chromosomes. (1989).
    USA_SCI_HGP_16_xs.jpg
  • Research on the human genome: Caltech scientist Kai Wand loading an electrophoresis gel into a computer-controlled system used for DNA sequencing of human chromosomes. DNA sequencing involves decoding the base pair sequence of sections of DNA encode specific proteins. Sequencing and mapping chromosomes to locate genes or other important markers - are two phases in the human genome project. The human genome is a complete genetic blueprint - a detailed plan of every gene expressed in all 23 pairs of human chromosomes. MODEL RELEASED (1989).
    USA_SCI_HGP_14_xs.jpg
  • Research on the human genome: Leroy Hood at CalTech with a Programmable Autonomously Controlled Electrode (PACE), which was developed in the CalTech lab. Pasadena, California. MODEL RELEASED (1989).Human Genome Project.
    USA_SCI_HGP_12_xs.jpg
  • Human Genome Project: .Human Genome research scientist Kai Wand with PACE (Programmable controlled electrophoresis system) in his California Technical Institute Lab, USA. (1989).
    USA_SCI_HGP_11_xs.jpg
  • Research on the human genome: Caltech scientist Leroy Hood preparing an electrophoresis gel used in a computer-controlled system for DNA sequencing of human chromosomes. DNA sequencing involves decoding the base pair sequence of sections of DNA encode specific proteins. Sequencing and mapping chromosomes to locate genes or other important markers - are two phases in the human genome project. The human genome is a complete genetic blueprint - a detailed plan of every gene expressed on all 23 pairs of chromosomes. MODEL RELEASED (1989).
    USA_SCI_HGP_08_xs.jpg
  • Los Alamos National Lab, New Mexico. Research in the flow cytometry lab - sorting chromosomes for DNA Library. The counting of cells is called cytometry. Flow cytometry characterizes single cells as they pass at high speed through a laser beam. Speeds of up to 50,000 cells a second can be measured. The scattering of the laser beam provides a way to identify the cells. Many other characteristics, such as shape and surface texture can also be measured. The cells are then sorted as electrically charged droplets. This also purifies the samples. (1989).Human Genome Project.
    USA_SCI_HGP_06_xs.jpg
  • James Dewey Watson (born 1928), American biochemist and co- discoverer of the structure of DNA. Watson graduated from Chicago University & obtained a PhD in 1950. He abandoned plans to become an ornithologist to work on problems in biochemistry & genetics. In 1951 he went to Cambridge, to work with Francis Crick on solving the problem of the structure of DNA. In 1953 they proposed a double helix structure for DNA, which earned them (with Maurice Wilkins) the 1962 Nobel Prize in Medicine. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York, where Watson was director at the time of this photograph. MODEL RELEASED 1989..Human Genome Project..ADVERTISING/COMMERCIAL USE REQUIRES CLEARANCE.
    USA_SCI_HGP_03_xs.jpg
  • Biosphere 2 Project undertaken by Space Biosphere Ventures, a private ecological research firm funded by Edward P. Bass of Texas.  'Biospherian' Linda Leigh seen conducting a plant survey in the desert biome of the Biospere 2 project.  Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization. 1992
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_34_xs.jpg
  • Biosphere 2 Project undertaken by Space Biosphere Ventures, a private ecological research firm funded by Edward P. Bass of Texas.  The Ocean 'biome' provided a source of fish during the two-year duration of the project. Water that evaporated from the surface of the 'ocean' was condensed and filtered to provide fresh water for consumption and to replenish the freshwater stream.  Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization.  1990
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_30_xs.jpg
  • Biosphere 2 Project undertaken by Space Biosphere Ventures, a private ecological research firm funded by Edward P. Bass of Texas.  Roy Walford, former pathologist at UCLA and one of the eight inhabitants of the Biosphere, seen inside Biosphere 2 making mango chutney for lunch. Walford authored a book titled The Anti-Aging Plan. He died in 2004 at age 79 of ALS. Walford had been involved in the Project since 1983, and set up the Biosphere's medical centre.  Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization.  MODEL RELEASED 1992
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_22_xs.jpg
  • Biosphere 2 Project undertaken by Space Biosphere Ventures, a private ecological research firm funded by Edward P. Bass of Texas.  Biosphere candidate Roy Walford, former pathologist at UCLA Medical School studying aging on three-year-old mice that have restricted and unrestricted diets (left to right, respectively).  The conclusion was that mice on a calorically restricted diet were healthier and lived longer.  (This study was done by Walford in Los Angeles). Walford authored a book titled The Anti-Aging Plan. He died in 2004 at age 79 of ALS. Walford had been involved in the Project since 1983, and had set up the Biosphere's medical centre.  Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization.  MODEL RELEASED 1990
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_16_xs.jpg
  • Biosphere 2 Project undertaken by Space Biosphere Ventures, a private ecological research firm funded by Edward P. Bass of Texas.  Three of the eight candidates for the Biosphere 2 Project, seen at the top of the Biosphere 'mountain' during construction (before the glass canopy covered it).  Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization. 1990
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_08_xs.jpg
  • Biosphere 2 Project undertaken by Space Biosphere Ventures, a private ecological research firm funded by Edward P. Bass of Texas.  Two of the candidates for the Biosphere 2 Project, Norberto Alvarez-Romo and Mark Van Thillo).   Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization. 1990
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_07_xs.jpg
  • Biosphere 2 Project undertaken by Space Biosphere Ventures, a private ecological research firm funded by Edward P. Bass of Texas. Candidates for 1990's Biosphere 2 project. Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization. 1989
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_03_xs.jpg
  • Biosphere 2 Project undertaken by Space Biosphere Ventures, a private ecological research firm funded by Edward P. Bass of Texas. Candidates for (1990)'s Biosphere 2 project. Dr. Roy Walford (bald) is front and center. Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization. (1989).
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_02_xs.jpg
  • Fans invited off a street in Tokyo's Harajuku area to meet Pino pose with the popular robot. Pino, short for Pinocchio (after the fabled wooden puppet that becomes a human boy), is a full bodied, child-sized, humanoid robot. Even before it demonstrates the ability of a wide range of bipedal movements it already has a national following in Japan after the release of a music video called "Can You Keep a Secret" in which the robot stars alongside one of Japan's most popular recording artists, Hikaru Utada. It has elevated Tatsuya Matsui, the artist who created the robot design (seated at left), to celebrity status. Interestingly, the robot project is part of a large ERATO grant from the Japan Science and Technology Corporation, a branch of the Science and Technology Agency of the Japanese government. Project creator Hiraoki Kitano (standing with arms crossed) believes that the aesthetics of a robot are important in order for it to be accepted by humans into their living space. At the Kitano Symbiotic Systems, Tokyo, Japan.
    Japan_Jap_rs_453_xs.jpg
  • In a spanking new, richly-appointed research center above a busy shopping street in Tokyo's stylish Harajuku district, Hiroaki Kitano shows off his robot soccer team. In addition to Kitano's humanoid-robot work at Kitano Symbiotic Systems Project, a five-year, government-funded ERATO project, Kitano is the founder and chair of Robot World Cup Soccer (RoboCup), an annual soccer competition for robots. There are four classes of contestants: small, medium, simulated, and dog (using Sony's programmable robot dogs). Kitano's small-class RoboCup team consists of five autonomous robots, which kick a golf ball around a field about the size of a ping-pong table. An overhead video camera feeds information about the location of the players to remote computers, which use the data to control the robots' offensive and defensive moves. Japan. From the book Robo sapiens: Evolution of a New Species, page 213 top.
    Japan_JAP_rs_31_qxxs.jpg
  • Sleek and elegant, the head of this unfinished robot was constructed by the Symbiotic Intelligence Group of the Kitano Symbiotic Systems Project. It is funded by an ERATO grant from the Japan Science and Technology Corporation, a branch of the Science and Technology Agency of the Japanese government. SIG, as this robot is named, has a white outside shell designed by a project artist, group leader Hiroaki Kitano is a firm believer in the importance of aesthetics. Tokyo, Japan. From the book Robo sapiens: Evolution of a New Species, page 80-81.
    Japan_JAP_rs_241_qxxs.jpg
  • USA_SCI_BIOSPH_77_xs <br />
The Biosphere 2 Project’s twenty-seven foot test module at night with auto lights passing by. Norberto Alvarez-Romo is monitoring the conditions inside while standing outside logged on to the system’s computer. Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization. The $30 million Biosphere covers 2.5 acres near Tucson, Arizona, and was entirely self- contained. The eight ‘Biospherian’s’ shared their air- and water-tight world with 3,800 species of plant and animal life. The project had problems with oxygen levels and food supply, and has been criticized over its scientific validity. 1986
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_77_xs.jpg
  • USA_SCI_BIOSPH_74_xs <br />
Biosphere 2 Project undertaken by Space Biosphere Ventures, a private ecological research firm funded by Edward P. Bass of Texas.  Visitors Evan Menzel and Jack Menzel petting goats inside Biosphere 2 test greenhouse and livestock area.  Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization. The $30 million Biosphere covers 2.5 acres near Tucson, Arizona, and was entirely self- contained. The eight ‘Biospherian’s’ shared their air- and water-tight world with 3,800 species of plant and animal life. The project had problems with oxygen levels and food supply, and has been criticized over its scientific validity. MODEL RELEASED 1991.
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_74_xs.jpg
  • USA_SCI_BIOSPH_72_xs <br />
Biosphere 2 Project undertaken by Space Biosphere Ventures, a private ecological research firm funded by Edward P. Bass of Texas.  ‘Biospherian’s Mark Nelson and Jayne Poynter eating lunch inside Biosphere 2 with Roy Walford in background. Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization. The $30 million Biosphere covers 2.5 acres near Tucson, Arizona, and was entirely self- contained. The eight ‘Biospherian’s’ shared their air- and water-tight world with 3,800 species of plant and animal life. The project had problems with oxygen levels and food supply, and has been criticized over its scientific validity. 1990
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_72_xs.jpg
  • USA_SCI_BIOSPH_63_xs <br />
Biosphere 2 Project undertaken by Space Biosphere Ventures, a private ecological research firm funded by Edward P. Bass of Texas.  Biosphere candidate Bernd Zabel and fish culture inside Biosphere 2 test module before the construction of the main Biosphere buidings.  Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization. The $30 million Biosphere covers 2.5 acres near Tucson, Arizona, and was entirely self- contained. The eight ‘Biospherian’s’ shared their air- and water-tight world with 3,800 species of plant and animal life. The project had problems with oxygen levels and food supply, and has been criticized over its scientific validity. 1986
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_63_xs.jpg
  • USA_SCI_BIOSPH_65_xs <br />
Biosphere 2 Project undertaken by Space Biosphere Ventures, a private ecological research firm funded by Edward P. Bass of Texas.  Tissue culture tubes with the test module in the background.  Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization. The $30 million Biosphere covers 2.5 acres near Tucson, Arizona, and was entirely self- contained. The eight ‘Biospherian’s’ shared their air- and water-tight world with 3,800 species of plant and animal life. The project had problems with oxygen levels and food supply, and has been criticized over its scientific validity. 1986
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_65_xs.jpg
  • Above ground view of underground storage of radioactive wastes for the Waste Isolation Pilot Project (WIPP), 700 meters below ground. WIPP is a research project to determine the suitability of the local salt rocks as a storage site for highly- radioactive transuranic waste from nuclear power stations. Such waste materials may have radioactive half-lives of thousands of years, and so must be isolated in a geologically stable environment. On the left is an experiment testing the design of containers carrying vitrified waste. The mine is located near Carlsbad, New Mexico, USA. (1998)
    USA_SCI_NUKE_15_xs.jpg
  • Public works road project in Bhutan. This is a major highway through mountainous Bhutan. The work crews are made up of guest workers from neighboring Nepal and India. From Peter Menzel's Material World Project.
    Bhu_mw_738_xs.jpg
  • USA_SCI_BIOSPH_87_xs <br />
Biosphere 2 Project founder and Executive Chairman John Allen. Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization. The $30 million Biosphere covers 2.5 acres near Tucson, Arizona, and was entirely self- contained. The eight ‘Biospherian’s’ shared their air- and water-tight world with 3,800 species of plant and animal life. The project had problems with oxygen levels and food supply, and has been criticized over its scientific validity. (1990)
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_87_xs.jpg
  • USA_SCI_BIOSPH_86_xs <br />
Biosphere 2 Project founder John Allen inside Biosphere 2 teat greenhouses and livestock areas. Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization. The $30 million Biosphere covers 2.5 acres near Tucson, Arizona, and was entirely self- contained. The eight ‘Biospherian’s’ shared their air- and water-tight world with 3,800 species of plant and animal life. The project had problems with oxygen levels and food supply, and has been criticized over its scientific validity. 1990
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_86_xs.jpg
  • USA_SCI_BIOSPH_85_xs <br />
Biosphere 2 Project founder John Allen with map of the planet Mars. Allen is pointing to what he thinks is a probable landing/colony site on the Mars map. Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization. The $30 million Biosphere covers 2.5 acres near Tucson, Arizona, and was entirely self- contained. The eight ‘Biospherian’s’ shared their air- and water-tight world with 3,800 species of plant and animal life. The project had problems with oxygen levels and food supply, and has been criticized over its scientific validity. 1990
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_85_xs.jpg
  • USA_SCI_BIOSPH_75_xs <br />
Biosphere 2 Project undertaken by Space Biosphere Ventures, a private ecological research firm funded by Edward P. Bass of Texas.  environmental research lab. Abed Anouti conducting a harvest index inside the test greenhouses of Biosphere 2.  Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization. The $30 million Biosphere covers 2.5 acres near Tucson, Arizona, and was entirely self- contained. The eight ‘Biospherian’s’ shared their air- and water-tight world with 3,800 species of plant and animal life. The project had problems with oxygen levels and food supply, and has been criticized over its scientific validity. 1987
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_75_xs.jpg
  • USA_SCI_BIOSPH_73_xs <br />
Biosphere 2 Project undertaken by Space Biosphere Ventures, a private ecological research firm funded by Edward P. Bass of Texas.  Russian doctor Elena Yakhnina (left) and researcher Allen Haberstock (right).  Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization. The $30 million Biosphere covers 2.5 acres near Tucson, Arizona, and was entirely self- contained. The eight ‘Biospherian’s’ shared their air- and water-tight world with 3,800 species of plant and animal life. The project had problems with oxygen levels and food supply, and has been criticized over its scientific validity.1990
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_73_xs.jpg
  • USA_SCI_BIOSPH_71_xs <br />
Biosphere 2 Project environmental research lab. Eating lunch of tilapia fish harvested from the Bioshphere 2 rice fields during a test phase prior to the sealing of the Biosphere.  Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization. The $30 million Biosphere covers 2.5 acres near Tucson, Arizona, and was entirely self- contained. The eight ‘Biospherian’s’ shared their air- and water-tight world with 3,800 species of plant and animal life. The project had problems with oxygen levels and food supply, and has been criticized over its scientific validity. 1987
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_71_xs.jpg
  • USA_SCI_BIOSPH_70_xs <br />
Biosphere 2 Project undertaken by Space Biosphere Ventures, a private ecological research firm funded by Edward P. Bass of Texas.  Biosphere candidates inside the test greenhouse.  Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization. The $30 million Biosphere covers 2.5 acres near Tucson, Arizona, and was entirely self- contained. The eight ‘Biospherian’s’ shared their air- and water-tight world with 3,800 species of plant and animal life. The project had problems with oxygen levels and food supply, and has been criticized over its scientific validity. 1986
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_70_xs.jpg
  • USA_SCI_BIOSPH_69_xs <br />
Biosphere 2 Project undertaken by Space Biosphere Ventures, a private ecological research firm funded by Edward P. Bass of Texas.  ‘Biospherian’ Jayne Poynter harvesting potatoes inside Biosphere 2 in the intensive agriculture biome.  Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization. The $30 million Biosphere covers 2.5 acres near Tucson, Arizona, and was entirely self- contained. The eight ‘Biospherian’s’ shared their air- and water-tight world with 3,800 species of plant and animal life. The project had problems with oxygen levels and food supply, and has been criticized over its scientific validity. 1992
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_69_xs.jpg
  • USA_SCI_BIOSPH_68_xs <br />
Biosphere 2 Project undertaken by Space Biosphere Ventures, a private ecological research firm funded by Edward P. Bass of Texas.  Photographer, Peter Menzel and writer, Jean-Claude Grenier inside Biosphere 2.  Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization. The $30 million Biosphere covers 2.5 acres near Tucson, Arizona, and was entirely self- contained. The eight ‘Biospherian’s’ shared their air- and water-tight world with 3,800 species of plant and animal life. The project had problems with oxygen levels and food supply, and has been criticized over its scientific validity. 1990
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_68_xs.jpg
  • USA_SCI_BIOSPH_67_xs <br />
Biosphere 2 Project undertaken by Space Biosphere Ventures, a private ecological research firm funded by Edward P. Bass of Texas.  Hydroponic vegetable  research for Biosphere 2.  The experiment shown here was not used inside Biosphere 2.  Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization. The $30 million Biosphere covers 2.5 acres near Tucson, Arizona, and was entirely self- contained. The eight ‘Biospherian’s’ shared their air- and water-tight world with 3,800 species of plant and animal life. The project had problems with oxygen levels and food supply, and has been criticized over its scientific validity. 1986
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_67_xs.jpg
  • USA_SCI_BIOSPH_64_xs <br />
Biosphere 2 Project undertaken by Space Biosphere Ventures, a private ecological research firm funded by Edward P. Bass of Texas.  ‘Biospherian’ Sally Silverstone inside Biosphere 2.  Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization. The $30 million Biosphere covers 2.5 acres near Tucson, Arizona, and was entirely self- contained. The eight ‘Biospherian’s’ shared their air- and water-tight world with 3,800 species of plant and animal life. The project had problems with oxygen levels and food supply, and has been criticized over its scientific validity. 1991
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_64_xs.jpg
  • USA_SCI_BIOSPH_88_xs <br />
Biosphere 2 Project undertaken by Space Biosphere Ventures, a private ecological research firm funded by Edward P. Bass of Texas.  Biosphere candidate Mark Van Thillo in the habitat library. Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization. The $30 million Biosphere covers 2.5 acres near Tucson, Arizona, and was entirely self- contained. The eight ‘Biospherian’s’ shared their air- and water-tight world with 3,800 species of plant and animal life. The project had problems with oxygen levels and food supply, and has been criticized over its scientific validity. 1990
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_88_xs.jpg
  • Trongsa Dzong in central Bhutan, originally built in 1644, is the seat of power for the future monarch, who begins his rise to power as the governor of the Trongsa district. The Dzong?or fortress?is one of many in the country that historically provided sanctuary for the country's people during war and strife. From coverage of revisit to Material World Project family in Bhutan, 2001. Architecture. From coverage of revisit to Material World Project family in Bhutan, 2001.
    Bhu_mw2_79_xs.jpg
  • View of Trashi Chhoe Dzong in Bhutan's capital city of Thimphu. From coverage of revisit to Material World Project family in Bhutan, 2001. The Dzong?or fortress?is one of many in the country that historically provided sanctuary for the country's people during war and strife. Trashi Chhoe Dzong was rebuilt when the country capital was moved to Thimphu in the early 1960's. Architecture. From coverage of revisit to Material World Project family in Bhutan, 2001.
    Bhu_mw2_123_xs.jpg
  • Road to underground storage of radioactive wastes for the Waste Isolation Pilot Project (WIPP), 700 meters below ground (salt pond in foreground). WIPP is a research project to determine the suitability of the local salt rocks as a storage site for highly- radioactive transuranic waste from atomic power stations. Such waste materials may have radioactive half-lives of thousands of years, and so must be isolated in a geologically stable environment. On the left is an experiment testing the design of containers carrying vitrified waste. The mine is located near Carlsbad, New Mexico, USA. (1988)
    USA_SCI_NUKE_18_xs.jpg
  • Safety tour at underground storage of radioactive wastes. This is one of the chambers of the Waste Isolation Pilot Project (WIPP), 700 meters below ground. WIPP is a research project to determine the suitability of the local salt rocks as a storage site for highly- radioactive transuranic waste from nuclear power stations. Such waste materials may have radioactive half-lives of thousands of years, and so must be isolated in a geologically stable environment. On the left is an experiment testing the design of containers carrying vitrified waste. The mine is located near Carlsbad, New Mexico, USA. (1998)
    USA_SCI_NUKE_14_xs.jpg
  • Underground storage of radioactive wastes. Measuring ceiling-floor movement. This is one of the chambers of the Waste Isolation Pilot Project (WIPP), 700 meters below ground. WIPP is a research project to determine the suitability of the local salt rocks as a storage site for highly radioactive transuranic waste from nuclear power stations. Such waste materials may have radioactive half-lives of thousands of years, and so must be isolated in a geologically stable environment. On the left is an experiment testing the design of containers carrying vitrified waste. The mine is located near Carlsbad, New Mexico, USA. (1998)
    USA_SCI_NUKE_13_xs.jpg
  • In a spanking new, richly-appointed research center above a busy shopping street in Tokyo's stylish Harajuku district, Hiroaki Kitano shows off his robot soccer team. In addition to Kitano's humanoid-robot work at Kitano Symbiotic Systems Project, a five-year, government-funded ERATO project, Kitano is the founder and chair of Robot World Cup Soccer (RoboCup), an annual soccer competition for robots. There are four classes of contestants: small, medium, simulated, and dog (using Sony's programmable robot dogs). Kitano's small-class RoboCup team consists of five autonomous robots, which kick a golf ball around a field about the size of a ping-pong table. An overhead video camera feeds information about the location of the players to remote computers, which use the data to control the robots' offensive and defensive moves. Japan. From the book Robo sapiens: Evolution of a New Species, page 213 bottom.
    Japan_JAP_rs_30_qxxs.jpg
  • Looking into the eyes of Jack the robot, Gordon Cheng tests its response to the touch of his hand. Researchers at the Electrotechnical Lab at Tsukuba, an hour away from Tokyo, Japan, are part of a project funded by the Japanese Science and Technology Agency to develop a humanoid robot as a research vehicle into complex human interactions. With the nation's population rapidly aging, the Japanese government is increasingly funding efforts to create robots that will help the elderly. Project leader Yasuo Kuniyoshi wants to create robots that are friendly and quite literally soft, the machinery will be sheathed in thick padding. In contrast to a more traditional approach, Kuniyoshi wants to program his robot to make it learn by analyzing and fully exploiting its natural constraints. From the book Robo sapiens: Evolution of a New Species, page 56-57.
    Japan_JAP_rs_279_qxxs.jpg
  • Showing off its dexterity, DB slowly juggles three small round beanbags under the alert supervision of researcher Tomohiro Shibata. The DB project is funded by the Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO) Humanoid Project and led by independent researcher Mitsuo Kawato. Based at a research facility 30 miles outside of Kyoto, Japan, Kowato began work by adapting a robot designed by SARCOS, a Utah robotics company. From the book Robo sapiens: Evolution of a New Species, page 52-53.
    Japan_JAP_rs_278_qxxs.jpg
  • DB gazes intently at the camera by means of two pairs of lenses in each "eye." In a configuration increasingly common in humanoid robots, one lens in each pair sharply focuses on the center of the visual field while the other gives a broader perspective. These two points of view, surprisingly, mimic the human eye, which seamlessly blends together information from the fovea centralis, a small area of precise focus in the center of the retina, and the parafovea, a larger, but much less acute area surrounding the fovea. Similarly, DB has a vestibular system in its ears, vestibular systems being the inner-ear mechanisms that people use to balance themselves.  The DB project is funded by the Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO) Humanoid Project and led by independent researcher Mitsuo Kawato. Based at a research facility 30 miles outside of Kyoto, Japan.
    Japan_JAP_rs_235_qxxs.jpg
  • USA_SCI_BIOSPH_80_xs <br />
Biosphere 2 Project undertaken by Space Biosphere Ventures, a private ecological research firm funded by Edward P. Bass of Texas.  A group of tourists visiting Biosphere 2.  Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization. The $30 million Biosphere covers 2.5 acres near Tucson, Arizona, and was entirely self- contained. The eight ‘Biospherian’s’ shared their air- and water-tight world with 3,800 species of plant and animal life. The project had problems with oxygen levels and food supply, and has been criticized over its scientific validity. 1991
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_80_xs.jpg
  • USA_SCI_BIOSPH_79_xs <br />
The Biosphere 2 Project external buildings at dusk, showing the generator block. Gas generators made 30,000 kilowatt-hours daily. Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self- sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization. The $30 million Biosphere covers 2.5 acres near Tucson, Arizona, and was entirely self-contained. The eight ‘Biospherian’s’ shared their air- and water-tight world with 3,800 species of plant and animal life. The project had problems with oxygen levels and food supply, and has been criticized over its scientific validity. 1992
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_79_xs.jpg
  • USA_SCI_BIOSPH_66_xs <br />
Biosphere 2 Project undertaken by Space Biosphere Ventures, a private ecological research firm funded by Edward P. Bass of Texas.  Young visitor looks at tissue culture test tubes inside the Biosphere test greenhouses.  Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization. The $30 million Biosphere covers 2.5 acres near Tucson, Arizona, and was entirely self- contained. The eight ‘Biospherian’s’ shared their air- and water-tight world with 3,800 species of plant and animal life. The project had problems with oxygen levels and food supply, and has been criticized over its scientific validity. 1988
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_66_xs.jpg
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