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  • Art installation at Burning Man. Burning Man is a performance art festival known for art, drugs and sex. It takes place annually in the Black Rock Desert near Gerlach, Nevada, USA.
    USA_BMAN_50_xs.jpg
  • A human nervous system. Gunther von Hagens' Bodyworlds exhibit. Body Worlds is a traveling exhibit of real, plastinated human bodies and body parts. Von Hagens invented plastination as a way to preserve body tissue and is the creator of the Body Worlds exhibits..
    Bodyworlds_14_120_xs.jpg
  • Catacombs, with millions of human bones removed from Paris graveyards. Paris, France.
    FRA_060_xs.jpg
  • Catacombs, with millions of human bones removed from Paris graveyards. Paris, France.
    FRA_059_xs.jpg
  • Siem Reap, Cambodia. A pile of human skulls marking one of the Killing Fields memorials.
    CAM_12_xs.jpg
  • Human skulls unearthed by a demining crew in Hargeisa, Somaliland. They were found in a mass grave where 200 locals were executed by Siad Barre Government troops in 1988. Hargeisa, Somaliland. Somaliland is the breakaway republic in northern Somalia that declared independence in 1991 after 50,000 died in civil war.March 1992.
    SOM_53_xs.jpg
  • Gunther von Hagens' Bodyworlds exhibit. Body Worlds is a traveling exhibit of real, plastinated human bodies and body parts. Von Hagens invented plastination as a way to preserve body tissue and is the creator of the Body Worlds exhibits.
    Bodyworlds_17_120_xs.jpg
  • "The Chess Player", a piece from Gunther von Hagens' Body Worlds exhibits. Body Worlds is a traveling exhibit of real, plastinated human bodies and body parts. Von Hagens invented plastination as a way to preserve body tissue and is the creator of the Body Worlds exhibits..
    Bodyworlds_07_xs.jpg
  • A rear view through a cross-section of a woman's head at Gunther von Hagens' Bodyworlds exhibit. Body Worlds is a traveling exhibit of real, plastinated human bodies and body parts. Von Hagens invented plastination as a way to preserve body tissue and is the creator of the Body Worlds exhibits..
    Bodyworlds_04_xs.jpg
  • Transparent slices of male body at Gunther von Hagens' Body Worlds exhibit. Body Worlds is a traveling exhibit of real, plastinated human bodies and body parts. Von Hagens invented plastination as a way to preserve body tissue and is the creator of the Body Worlds exhibits. .
    Bodyworlds_08_xs.jpg
  • A one-legged human skeleton left behind in Mogadishu, the war-torn capital of Somalia where 30,000 people were killed between November 1991 and March 1992. March 1992.
    SOM_31_xs.jpg
  • Vigeland Sculpture Park, Oslo, Norway.
    NOR_130525_356.jpg
  • Vigeland Sculpture Park, Oslo, Norway.
    NOR_130525_084.jpg
  • Vigeland Sculpture Park, Oslo, Norway.
    NOR_130525_343.jpg
  • Vigeland Sculpture Park, Oslo, Norway.
    NOR_130525_307.jpg
  • Vigeland Sculpture Park, Oslo, Norway.
    NOR_130525_066.jpg
  • Michelangelo's David, sculpted from 1501 to 1504, in Florence, Italy.
    ITA_16_xs.jpg
  • Sculpture of head L 'Ecoute by Henri de Miller located outside St Eustache church at Les Halles, Paris, France.
    FRA_041_xs.jpg
  • A dead Iraqi soldier surrounded by unexploded landmines in the Manageesh Oil Fields in Kuwait near the Saudi border. Huge amounts of munitions were abandoned in Kuwait by retreating Iraqi troops in February 1991. Also, nearly a million land mines were deployed on the beaches and along the Saudi and Iraqi border. In addition, tens of thousands of unexploded bomblets (from cluster bombs dropped by Allied aircraft) littered the desert. More than 700 wells were set ablaze by retreating Iraqi troops creating the largest man-made environmental disaster in history.
    KUW_080_xs.jpg
  • A dead Iraqi soldier surrounded by unexploded landmines in the Manageesh Oil Fields in Kuwait near the Saudi border. Huge amounts of munitions were abandoned in Kuwait by retreating Iraqi troops in February, 1991. Also, nearly a million land mines were deployed on the beaches and along the Saudi and Iraqi border. In addition, tens of thousands of unexploded bomblets (from cluster bombs dropped by Allied aircraft) littered the desert. More than 700 wells were set ablaze by retreating Iraqi troops creating the largest man-made environmental disaster in history.
    KUW_049_xs.jpg
  • Silver door of the Hindu Rat Temple in Deshnoke, Rajasthan, India. This ornate Hindu temple was constructed by Maharaja Ganga Singh in the early 1900s as a tribute to the rat goddess, Karni Mata. .
    IND_035_xs.jpg
  • The Tiger Balm gardens developed by wealthy businessman Aw Boon Haw. Hong Kong, China.
    CHI_32_xs.jpg
  • Decomposing body in the streets of Mogadishu, war-torn capital of Somalia, where 30,000 died between November 1991 and March 1992.
    SOM_25_xs.jpg
  • Virtual reality videogame: Evan Menzel wears a Nintendo Power Glove to interact with the fictional/virtual Super Mario Brothers (Nintendo characters) in the living room of his home in Napa, California. Model Released (1990)
    USA_SCI_VR_44_xs.jpg
  • Virtual reality videogame: Evan & Jack Menzel appear to do battle over who is to wear the Nintendo Power Glove to interact with the fictional (or virtual) Super Mario Brothers (Nintendo characters) in the living room of their home in Napa, California. Model Released (1990)
    USA_SCI_VR_41_xs.jpg
  • Virtual reality: Margaret Minsky works with a force-feedback joystick being developed in the MIT Media Laboratory. The joystick is designed to give its user a physical impression of features in a computer-generated environment. In this demonstration, the user is invited to feel shapes & textures whilst running a cursor over the various images displayed on the screen, and be able to differentiate between them. Model Released (1990)
    USA_SCI_VR_36_xs.jpg
  • Virtual reality: Warren Robinett wears a prototype (1st generation) headset. Virtual environments are generated by computer systems to allow users to interact with in similar ways as they might with a real environment. The computer environments are displayed to their users using sophisticated graphics projected through small video monitors mounted on the headset. In addition, some headsets have a sensor which instructs the computer of the wearer's spatial aspect, that is, in 3-D. This particular model features displays with half-silvered mirrors that allow the user to see the computer image & look ahead. Model Released (1990)
    USA_SCI_VR_14_xs.jpg
  • Amuloke Walelo, a Dani tribeswoman from Soroba village in the Baliem Highlands of central Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Four fingers of her left hand were severed when she was five years old as a tribute to family members who die. Image from the book project Man Eating Bugs: The Art and Science of Eating Insects.
    Ido_meb_123_xs.jpg
  • Vigeland Sculpture Park, Oslo, Norway.
    NOR_130525_337.jpg
  • Vigeland Sculpture Park, Oslo, Norway.
    NOR_130525_087.jpg
  • Vigeland Sculpture Park, Oslo, Norway.
    NOR_130525_072.jpg
  • Vigeland Sculpture Park, Oslo, Norway.
    NOR_130525_069.jpg
  • Virtual reality videogame: Jack Menzel wears a Nintendo Power Glove to interact with the fictional (or virtual) Super Mario Brothers (Nintendo characters) in the living room of his home in Napa, California. Model Released (1990)
    USA_SCI_VR_43_xs.jpg
  • Virtual sex. Pornographic application of virtual reality, showing a man mauling his virtual conquest provided by his headset and data glove & an unseen computer system. Virtual, in computer parlance, describes equipment or programs that assume one form yet give the illusion of another. Here, the image of the woman is provided by the system through goggles in the head-set; contact is effectively faked by optic-optic sensors in the black, rubber data glove, which relay information on aspect and movement of the man's fingers. Photographed at Autodesk Inc., USA. MODEL RELEASED. (1990)
    USA_SCI_VR_08_xs.jpg
  • Vigeland Sculpture Park, Oslo, Norway.
    NOR_130525_360.jpg
  • A dead Iraqi soldier surrounded by unexploded landmines in the Manageesh Oil Fields in Kuwait near the Saudi border. Huge amounts of munitions were abandoned in Kuwait by retreating Iraqi troops in February, 1991. Also, nearly a million land mines were deployed on the beaches and along the Saudi and Iraqi border. In addition, tens of thousands of unexploded bomblets (from cluster bombs dropped by Allied aircraft) littered the desert. More than 700 wells were set ablaze by retreating Iraqi troops creating the largest man-made environmental disaster in history.
    KUW_050_xs.jpg
  • The disfigured hand of a Dani woman. In Dani culture, the fingers of women are severed from the first knuckle at an early age as a tribute to family members who have died. Amuloke: "My older sister died and my mother cut them (my fingers) off when I was five years old with a sharp stone axe, all of them at once. Now I feel a bit angry with my mother because she cut them. When I see the other fingers complete, I feel bad about it. The cut fingers aren't good for holding. They don't work very well." Soroba, Baliem Valley, Irian Jaya, Indonesia. (Man Eating Bugs page 82)
    IDO_meb_25_cxxs.jpg
  • USA_SCI_PHAR_01_xs .Pherin Pharmaceutical in Mountain View, California. Dr. C Jennings-White, Vice-President. Chemical research in lab with test compounds. MODEL RELEASED (2002).Pherin Pharmaceutical produces a family of pharmaceutical compounds called vomeropherins. These compounds are delivered to the vomeronasal organ (VNO) that in turn affects the hypothalamus and the limbic system. The human VNO is linked to the hypothalamus and limbic areas, which enables Pherin to develop therapeutic drugs targeted against a variety of medical conditions associated with these brain regions such as mood disorders, neuro-endocrine function, body weight management, body temperature, sexual motivation, water and salt balance, blood pressure, and sugar and fat metabolism. .The vomeronasal organ (VNO) or Jacobson's organ is an auxiliary olfactory sense organ in some tetrapods. In adults, it is located in the vomer bone, between the nose and the mouth. Anatomical studies demonstrate that in humans the vomeronasal organ regresses during fetal development, as is the case with some other mammals, including other apes, cetaceans, and some bats. There is no evidence of a neural connection between the organ and the brain in adult humans. Nevertheless, a small pit can be found in the nasal septum of some people, and some researchers have argued that this pit represents a functional vomeronasal organ. Thus, its possible presence in humans remains controversial.
    USA_SCI_PHAR_01_xs.jpg
  • Musing over the possible hierarchy of humans and humanoids, Takeo Kanade, the director of the Robotics Institute at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, PA and an expert in vision systems, posits, "We are facing the fact that we may not be, any longer, the single entity that does a better job in all aspects. How we as human beings will react to it, I don't know. But we are surpassed by many artificial things already. We don't mind that we have turned computing numbers over to machines; humans are not afraid of that at all." From the book Robo sapiens: Evolution of a New Species, page 23.
    USA_rs_188_qxxs.jpg
  • MODEL RELEASED. Immunodeficiency research. Dr Don Mosier counts mouse and human cells in a SCID (severe combined immunodeficiency) mouse that he implanted with a human immune system. The device at right is a fluorescence-activated cell sorter. The rare genetic mutation of SCID, found in both mice and humans, destroys the immune system and the body is unable to fight infection. Dr Mosier managed to implant disease-fighting human white blood cells into SCID mice giving them a permanent human immune system. This breakthrough enables researchers at the Scripps Research Institute in California, USA, to study human immune disorders such as SCID, AIDS, leukemia and allergies. MODEL RELEASED.[1995]
    USA_SCI_BIOT_04_xs.jpg
  • In a years-long quest, students at Waseda University in Tokyo, Japan are constantly tweaking the programming of WABIAN R-II in the hope of making the heavy, two-meter-tall machine walk as easily as a human being. WABIAN sways from side to side as it walks, but its builders are not discouraged by its imperfections: walking in a straight line, which humans can do without thinking, in fact requires coordinated movements of such fantastic complexity that researchers are pleased if their creations can walk at all. Indeed, researchers built the robot partly to help themselves understand the physics of locomotion. It took decades of work to bring WABIAN to its present state: its first ancestor was built in 1972. From the book Robo sapiens: Evolution of a New Species, page 14.
    Japan_JAP_rs_229_qxxs.jpg
  • MODEL RELEASED. Immunodeficiency research. Dr. Don Mosier with a computer display showing a SCID (severe combined immunodeficiency) mouse that he has implanted with a human immune system. This research may help to understand syndromes such as AIDS and SCID. The rare genetic mutation of SCID, found in mice and humans, destroys the immune system and the body is unable to fight infection. Dr Mosier managed to implant disease-fighting human white blood cells into SCID mice giving them a permanent human immune system. This breakthrough enables researchers at the Scripps Research Institute in California, USA, to study human immune disorders such as AIDS, leukemia and allergies. MODEL RELEASED.[1995]
    USA_SCI_BIOT_03_xs.jpg
  • Circular computer scanner used to read sections of DNA sequencing autoradiograms for subsequent computer analysis, part of the human genome project studies at Cal Tech, Lee Hood Lab, USA. The term genome describes the full set of genes expressed by an organism's chromosomes. A gene is a section of DNA that instructs a cell to make a specific protein. The task of constructing such a complete blueprint of genetic information for humans is divided into two main phases: mapping genes and other markers on chromosomes, and decoding the DNA sequences of genes on all the chromosomes. Numerous laboratories worldwide are engaged on various aspects of genome research.
    USA_SCI_HGP_29_xs.jpg
  • Harvard scientist Walter Gilbert studying a DNA sequencing autoradiogram, made in the course of research associated with the human genome project. The term genome describes the full set of genes expressed by an organism's chromosomes. A gene is a section of DNA that instructs a cell to make a specific protein. The task of constructing such a complete blueprint of genetic information for humans is divided into two main phases: mapping genes and other markers on chromosomes, and decoding the DNA sequences of genes on all the chromosomes. Numerous laboratories worldwide are engaged on various aspects of genome research. MODEL RELEASED.
    USA_SCI_HGP_26_xs.jpg
  • Circular computer scanner used to read sections of DNA sequencing autoradiograms for subsequent computer analysis, part of the human genome project studies at Cal Tech, Lee Hood Lab, USA. The term genome describes the full set of genes expressed by an organism's chromosomes. A gene is a section of DNA that instructs a cell to make a specific protein. The task of constructing such a complete blueprint of genetic information for humans is divided into two main phases: mapping genes and other markers on chromosomes, and decoding the DNA sequences of genes on all the chromosomes. Numerous laboratories worldwide are engaged on various aspects of genome research.
    USA_SCI_HGP_30_xs.jpg
  • Conical flask containing a swirling vortex of liquid; one item of equipment used in Charles Cantor's laboratory at Columbia University, New York, in research on the human genome project. Colored radiograms used in DNA sequencing are visible in background to the left of the flask. The term "genome" describes the full set of genes expressed by an organism's chromosomes. The task of constructing such a complete blueprint of genetic information for humans is divided into two main phases: mapping genes and other markers on chromosomes, and decoding the DNA sequences of genes on all the chromosomes.
    USA_SCI_HGP_20_xs.jpg
  • (1992) Mummy's DNA testing. Dr. Svante Paabo taking a sample from a 2000 year old mummy's foot for DNA analysis. DNA obtained from the foot was compared with DNA from present day Egyptians and people from surrounding countries. This is part of research into the amount of ethnic mixing within the population of the upper Nile region. The mummy is about 2000 years old. University of California at Berkeley.  DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the molecule responsible for carrying the genetic code, which is slightly different in every individual. Familial traits can be traced by studying the differences. Taking DNA from preserved humans gives a good account of how humans spread across the world. ). MODEL RELEASED
    USA_SCI_DNA_25_xs.jpg
  • Portrait of American microbiologist Jonas Edward Salk (born 1914), inventor of the first polio vaccine. In 1949 a method of culturing the poliovirus was discovered, making quantities available for experimentation. Salk began to work on a method of killing the virus in such a way as to make it incapable of causing the disease, but capable of causing the production of antibodies which would be active against the living virus. By 1952 he had prepared a vaccine he dared try on humans. The trials were successful and in 1954 the mass production of the Salk vaccine began. During a lecture at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York, 1989.
    USA_SCI_HGP_01_xs.jpg
  • Pino, short for Pinocchio (after the fabled wooden puppet that becomes a human boy), is a full-bodied, child-sized, humanoid robot. Even before it demonstrates the ability of a wide range of bipedal movements it already has a national following in Japan after the release of a music video called "Can You Keep a Secret" in which the robot stars alongside one of Japan's most popular recording artists, Hikaru Utada. It has elevated Tatsuya Matsui, the artist who created the robot design, to celebrity status. The robot project is part of a large ERATO grant from the Japan Science and Technology Corporation, a branch of the Science and Technology Agency of the Japanese government. Project creator Hiraoki Kitano believes that the aesthetics of a robot are important in order for it to be accepted by humans into their living space. At the Kitano Symbiotic Systems, Tokyo, Japan.
    Japan_Jap_rs_458_xs.jpg
  • Fans invited off a street in Tokyo's Harajuku area to meet Pino pose with the popular robot. Pino, short for Pinocchio (after the fabled wooden puppet that becomes a human boy), is a full-bodied, child-sized, humanoid robot. Even before it demonstrates the ability of a wide range of bipedal movements it already has a national following in Japan after the release of a music video called "Can You Keep a Secret" in which the robot stars alongside one of Japan's most popular recording artists, Hikaru Utada. It has elevated Tatsuya Matsui, the artist who created the robot design, to celebrity status and provoked murmurs of dissent by some in the robotics community who see the robot as a commercial entity rather than a serious research project. Interestingly, the robot project is part of a large ERATO grant from the Japan Science and Technology Corporation, a branch of the Science and Technology Agency of the Japanese government. Project creator Hiraoki Kitano  believes that the aesthetics of a robot are important in order for it to be accepted by humans into their living space. At the Kitano Symbiotic Systems, Tokyo, Japan.
    Japan_Jap_rs_451_xs.jpg
  • In 1980, Marc Raibert established the MIT Leg Lab, home to the first robots that dynamically mimic human walking; swinging like an inverted pendulum from step to step. Famously, Raibert even built a robot that could flip itself in an aerial somersault and land on its feet. In 1993, he left the field to found Boston Dynamics Inc., in Cambridge, MA, which translates his discoveries about humans and animals in motion, into animation. From the book Robo sapiens: Evolution of a New Species, page 142-143.
    USA_rs_353_qxxs.jpg
  • Fans invited off a street in Tokyo's Harajuku area to meet Pino pose with the popular robot. Pino, short for Pinocchio (after the fabled wooden puppet that becomes a human boy), is a full bodied, child-sized, humanoid robot. Even before it demonstrates the ability of a wide range of bipedal movements it already has a national following in Japan after the release of a music video called "Can You Keep a Secret" in which the robot stars alongside one of Japan's most popular recording artists, Hikaru Utada. It has elevated Tatsuya Matsui, the artist who created the robot design (seated at left), to celebrity status. Interestingly, the robot project is part of a large ERATO grant from the Japan Science and Technology Corporation, a branch of the Science and Technology Agency of the Japanese government. Project creator Hiraoki Kitano (standing with arms crossed) believes that the aesthetics of a robot are important in order for it to be accepted by humans into their living space. At the Kitano Symbiotic Systems, Tokyo, Japan.
    Japan_Jap_rs_453_xs.jpg
  • Looming out of the shadows in the Humanoid Research Lab of Tokyo's Waseda University, WABIAN-RII is capable of walking and even dancing. WABIAN sways from side to side as it walks, but its builders are not discouraged by its imperfections: walking in a straight line, which humans can do without thinking, in fact requires coordinated movements of such fantastic complexity that researchers are pleased if their creations can walk at all. Indeed, researchers built the robot partly to help themselves understand the physics of locomotion. It took decades of work to bring WABIAN to its present state: its first ancestor was built in 1972. Japan. From the book Robo sapiens: Evolution of a New Species, page 36.
    Japan_JAP_rs_230_qxxs.jpg
  • Dismissing the fears that robots will come to dominate their creators, Hans Moravec of Carnegie Mellon argues that humans will literally become robots, "uploading" their consciousness and memories into their computers. Photographed at Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA. From the book Robo sapiens: Evolution of a New Species, page 33.
    USA_rs_431_120_qxxs.jpg
  • Biosphere 2 Project undertaken by Space Biosphere Ventures, a private ecological research firm funded by Edward P. Bass of Texas.  Steven Storm in the Tissue Laboratory of Biosphere 2, Oracle, Arizona. Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization.  1989
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_10_xs.jpg
  • USA_SCI_BIOSPH_83_xs <br />
Biosphere 2 Project undertaken by Space Biosphere Ventures, a private ecological research firm funded by Edward P. Bass of Texas.  Carl Hodges, Director of the Environmental Research Lab at the University of Arizona and a consultant of the project. Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization. The $30 million Biosphere covers 2.5 acres near Tucson, Arizona, and was entirely self- contained. The eight ‘Biospherian’s’ shared their air- and water-tight world with 3,800 species of plant and animal life. The project had problems with oxygen levels and food supply, and has been criticized over its scientific validity. MODEL RELEASED 1989
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_83_xs.jpg
  • USA_SCI_BIOSPH_77_xs <br />
The Biosphere 2 Project’s twenty-seven foot test module at night with auto lights passing by. Norberto Alvarez-Romo is monitoring the conditions inside while standing outside logged on to the system’s computer. Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization. The $30 million Biosphere covers 2.5 acres near Tucson, Arizona, and was entirely self- contained. The eight ‘Biospherian’s’ shared their air- and water-tight world with 3,800 species of plant and animal life. The project had problems with oxygen levels and food supply, and has been criticized over its scientific validity. 1986
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_77_xs.jpg
  • USA_SCI_BIOSPH_74_xs <br />
Biosphere 2 Project undertaken by Space Biosphere Ventures, a private ecological research firm funded by Edward P. Bass of Texas.  Visitors Evan Menzel and Jack Menzel petting goats inside Biosphere 2 test greenhouse and livestock area.  Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization. The $30 million Biosphere covers 2.5 acres near Tucson, Arizona, and was entirely self- contained. The eight ‘Biospherian’s’ shared their air- and water-tight world with 3,800 species of plant and animal life. The project had problems with oxygen levels and food supply, and has been criticized over its scientific validity. MODEL RELEASED 1991.
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_74_xs.jpg
  • USA_SCI_BIOSPH_73_xs <br />
Biosphere 2 Project undertaken by Space Biosphere Ventures, a private ecological research firm funded by Edward P. Bass of Texas.  Russian doctor Elena Yakhnina (left) and researcher Allen Haberstock (right).  Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization. The $30 million Biosphere covers 2.5 acres near Tucson, Arizona, and was entirely self- contained. The eight ‘Biospherian’s’ shared their air- and water-tight world with 3,800 species of plant and animal life. The project had problems with oxygen levels and food supply, and has been criticized over its scientific validity.1990
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_73_xs.jpg
  • USA_SCI_BIOSPH_72_xs <br />
Biosphere 2 Project undertaken by Space Biosphere Ventures, a private ecological research firm funded by Edward P. Bass of Texas.  ‘Biospherian’s Mark Nelson and Jayne Poynter eating lunch inside Biosphere 2 with Roy Walford in background. Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization. The $30 million Biosphere covers 2.5 acres near Tucson, Arizona, and was entirely self- contained. The eight ‘Biospherian’s’ shared their air- and water-tight world with 3,800 species of plant and animal life. The project had problems with oxygen levels and food supply, and has been criticized over its scientific validity. 1990
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_72_xs.jpg
  • USA_SCI_BIOSPH_67_xs <br />
Biosphere 2 Project undertaken by Space Biosphere Ventures, a private ecological research firm funded by Edward P. Bass of Texas.  Hydroponic vegetable  research for Biosphere 2.  The experiment shown here was not used inside Biosphere 2.  Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization. The $30 million Biosphere covers 2.5 acres near Tucson, Arizona, and was entirely self- contained. The eight ‘Biospherian’s’ shared their air- and water-tight world with 3,800 species of plant and animal life. The project had problems with oxygen levels and food supply, and has been criticized over its scientific validity. 1986
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_67_xs.jpg
  • USA_SCI_BIOSPH_63_xs <br />
Biosphere 2 Project undertaken by Space Biosphere Ventures, a private ecological research firm funded by Edward P. Bass of Texas.  Biosphere candidate Bernd Zabel and fish culture inside Biosphere 2 test module before the construction of the main Biosphere buidings.  Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization. The $30 million Biosphere covers 2.5 acres near Tucson, Arizona, and was entirely self- contained. The eight ‘Biospherian’s’ shared their air- and water-tight world with 3,800 species of plant and animal life. The project had problems with oxygen levels and food supply, and has been criticized over its scientific validity. 1986
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_63_xs.jpg
  • USA_SCI_BIOSPH_65_xs <br />
Biosphere 2 Project undertaken by Space Biosphere Ventures, a private ecological research firm funded by Edward P. Bass of Texas.  Tissue culture tubes with the test module in the background.  Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization. The $30 million Biosphere covers 2.5 acres near Tucson, Arizona, and was entirely self- contained. The eight ‘Biospherian’s’ shared their air- and water-tight world with 3,800 species of plant and animal life. The project had problems with oxygen levels and food supply, and has been criticized over its scientific validity. 1986
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_65_xs.jpg
  • Model of Biosphere 2 Project buildings photographed at sunset on the building site. At the time this photo was taken, ground had not been broken yet for the main building. The Biosphere was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization. 1990
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_59_xs.jpg
  • Biosphere 2 Project buildings seen at dawn. The Biosphere was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization.  1990
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_57_xs.jpg
  • Biosphere 2 Project buildings seen at dawn. The Biosphere was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization.  1990
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_55_xs.jpg
  • Biosphere 2 Project buildings seen at dusk. The Biosphere was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization.  1990
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_53_xs.jpg
  • Biosphere 2 Project Insectarium seen at dusk. The Biosphere was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization. The $30 million Biosphere covers 2.5 acres near Tucson, Arizona, and was entirely self-contained. The eight 'Biospherian's' shared their air- and water- tight world with 3,800 species of plant and animal life over their two-year stay in the building, producing all of their own food and supporting the whole environment in five 'biomes'; agricultural, rain forest, savannah, ocean and marsh.  1989
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_48_xs.jpg
  • Biosphere 2 Project undertaken by Space Biosphere Ventures, a private ecological research firm funded by Edward P. Bass of Texas.  'Biospherian's Abigail Alling and Linda Leigh in the desert biome of Biosphere 2.  Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization. 1990
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_38_xs.jpg
  • Biosphere 2 Project undertaken by Space Biosphere Ventures, a private ecological research firm funded by Edward P. Bass of Texas.  'Biospherian' Bernd Zabel harvesting rice inside Biosphere 2.  Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization.  1990
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_37_xs.jpg
  • Biosphere 2 Project undertaken by Space Biosphere Ventures, a private ecological research firm funded by Edward P. Bass of Texas.  'Biospherian' Bernd Zabel harvesting rice inside Biosphere 2.  Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization.  1990
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_36_xs.jpg
  • Biosphere 2 Project undertaken by Space Biosphere Ventures, a private ecological research firm funded by Edward P. Bass of Texas.  Biosphere candidate Linda Leigh in 1986.  Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization. 1990
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_35_xs.jpg
  • Biosphere 2 Project undertaken by Space Biosphere Ventures, a private ecological research firm funded by Edward P. Bass of Texas.  Sally Silverstone, one of the eight inhabitants of the Biosphere, holds ladybugs inside the greenhouse of Biosphere 2.  Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization.  1986
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_27_xs.jpg
  • Biosphere 2 Project undertaken by Space Biosphere Ventures, a private ecological research firm funded by Edward P. Bass of Texas.  Dr. Roy Walford, former pathologist at UCLA and one of the eight inhabitants of the Biosphere, seen in the Pacific Ocean with girlfriend Barbara Smith and his daughter Lisa at Venice Beach, California. Walford authored a book titled The Anti-Aging Plan. He died in 2004 at age 79 of ALS. Walford had been involved in the Project since 1983, and set up the Biosphere's medical centre.  Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization. MODEL RELEASED 1990
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_24_xs.jpg
  • Biosphere 2 Project undertaken by Space Biosphere Ventures, a private ecological research firm funded by Edward P. Bass of Texas.  Roy Walford, former pathologist at UCLA and one of the eight inhabitants of the Biosphere, seen inside Biosphere 2 threshing wheat. Walford authored a book titled The Anti-Aging Plan. He died in 2004 at age 79 of ALS. Walford had been involved in the Project since 1983, and set up the Biosphere's medical centre.  Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization.  MODEL RELEASED 1990
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_19_xs.jpg
  • Biosphere 2 Project undertaken by Space Biosphere Ventures, a private ecological research firm funded by Edward P. Bass of Texas.  Roy Walford, former pathologist at UCLA and one of the eight inhabitants of the Biosphere, seen inside Biosphere 2 with his lunch (all food grown in the Biosphere). Walford authored a book titled The Anti-Aging Plan. He died in 2004 at age 79 of ALS. Walford had been involved in the Project since 1983, and set up the Biosphere's medical centre.  Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization.  MODEL RELEASED 1992
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_18_xs.jpg
  • Biosphere 2 Project undertaken by Space Biosphere Ventures, a private ecological research firm funded by Edward P. Bass of Texas.  Biosphere candidate Roy Walford, former pathologist at UCLA Medical School with frozen tissue sample stored in liquid nitrogen, for aging studies. Shot here in Los Angeles with tissue sample from his dead father. Walford authored a book titled The Anti-Aging Plan. He died in 2004 at age 79 of ALS. Walford had been involved in the Project since 1983, and had set up the Biosphere's medical centre.  Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization.  MODEL RELEASED 1990
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_17_xs.jpg
  • Biosphere 2 Project undertaken by Space Biosphere Ventures, a private ecological research firm funded by Edward P. Bass of Texas.  Biosphere candidate Roy Walford, former pathologist at the UCLA Medical School, preparing to give an injection to a fellow Biospherian. Walford authored a book titled The Anti-Aging Plan. He died in 2004 at age 79 of ALS. Walford had been involved in the Project since 1983, and had set up the Biosphere's medical centre.  Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization.  MODEL RELEASED 1990
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_15_xs.jpg
  • Biosphere 2 Project undertaken by Space Biosphere Ventures, a private ecological research firm funded by Edward P. Bass of Texas.  Biosphere candidate in the animal farm of Biosphere 2, weighing goat milk, Oracle, Arizona.  Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization.  1989
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_11_xs.jpg
  • Biosphere 2 Project undertaken by Space Biosphere Ventures, a private ecological research firm funded by Edward P. Bass of Texas.  Four Biosphere 2 project candidates with a small goat. Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization.1990
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_06_xs.jpg
  • Biosphere 2 Project undertaken by Space Biosphere Ventures, a private ecological research firm funded by Edward P. Bass of Texas. Candidates for 1990's Biosphere 2 project at a press conference just before being sealed inside the Biosphere for two-years. Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization.  1990
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_04_xs.jpg
  • USA_SCI_BIOSPH_87_xs <br />
Biosphere 2 Project founder and Executive Chairman John Allen. Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization. The $30 million Biosphere covers 2.5 acres near Tucson, Arizona, and was entirely self- contained. The eight ‘Biospherian’s’ shared their air- and water-tight world with 3,800 species of plant and animal life. The project had problems with oxygen levels and food supply, and has been criticized over its scientific validity. (1990)
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_87_xs.jpg
  • USA_SCI_BIOSPH_86_xs <br />
Biosphere 2 Project founder John Allen inside Biosphere 2 teat greenhouses and livestock areas. Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization. The $30 million Biosphere covers 2.5 acres near Tucson, Arizona, and was entirely self- contained. The eight ‘Biospherian’s’ shared their air- and water-tight world with 3,800 species of plant and animal life. The project had problems with oxygen levels and food supply, and has been criticized over its scientific validity. 1990
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_86_xs.jpg
  • USA_SCI_BIOSPH_85_xs <br />
Biosphere 2 Project founder John Allen with map of the planet Mars. Allen is pointing to what he thinks is a probable landing/colony site on the Mars map. Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization. The $30 million Biosphere covers 2.5 acres near Tucson, Arizona, and was entirely self- contained. The eight ‘Biospherian’s’ shared their air- and water-tight world with 3,800 species of plant and animal life. The project had problems with oxygen levels and food supply, and has been criticized over its scientific validity. 1990
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_85_xs.jpg
  • USA_SCI_BIOSPH_84_xs <br />
Biosphere 2 Project undertaken by Space Biosphere Ventures, a private ecological research firm funded by Edward P. Bass of Texas.  Carl Hodges, Director of the Environmental Research Lab at the University of Arizona, and consultant on the project inside the rainforest biome of Biosphere 2. Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization. The $30 million Biosphere covers 2.5 acres near Tucson, Arizona, and was entirely self- contained. The eight ‘Biospherian’s’ shared their air- and water-tight world with 3,800 species of plant and animal life. The project had problems with oxygen levels and food supply, and has been criticized over its scientific validity. MODEL RELEASED 1990
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_84_xs.jpg
  • USA_SCI_BIOSPH_82_xs <br />
Biosphere 2 Project undertaken by Space Biosphere Ventures, a private ecological research firm funded by Edward P. Bass of Texas.  Margaret Augustine, project architect. Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization. The $30 million Biosphere covers 2.5 acres near Tucson, Arizona, and was entirely self- contained. The eight ‘Biospherian’s’ shared their air- and water-tight world with 3,800 species of plant and animal life. The project had problems with oxygen levels and food supply, and has been criticized over its scientific validity. 1989
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_82_xs.jpg
  • USA_SCI_BIOSPH_81_xs <br />
Biosphere 2 Project undertaken by Space Biosphere Ventures, a private ecological research firm funded by Edward P. Bass of Texas.  Architect Philip Hawes at a computer workstation, with Biosphere construction on his computer and projected onto the background.  Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization. The $30 million Biosphere covers 2.5 acres near Tucson, Arizona, and was entirely self- contained. The eight ‘Biospherian’s’ shared their air- and water-tight world with 3,800 species of plant and animal life. The project had problems with oxygen levels and food supply, and has been criticized over its scientific validity. 1990
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_81_xs.jpg
  • USA_SCI_BIOSPH_78_xs <br />
The Biosphere 2 Project’s twenty-seven foot test module seen with star trails at night in a long exposure. The building to the right is an atmospheric chamber used to equalize the air pressure in the module. The Biosphere was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at the possibility of future planetary colonization. The $30 million Biosphere covers 2.5 acres near Tucson Arizona, and is entirely self-contained. The eight ‘Biospherian’s’ shared their air- and water- tight world with 3,800 species of plant and animal life over their two-year stay in the building, producing all of their own food and supporting the whole environment in five 'biomes'; agricultural, rain forest, savannah, ocean and marsh.  1986
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_78_xs.jpg
  • USA_SCI_BIOSPH_76_xs <br />
Biosphere 2 Project undertaken by Space Biosphere Ventures, a private ecological research firm funded by Edward P. Bass of Texas.  Tony Burgess, a biologist and consultant to the project, in the Arizona desert with saguaro cacti.  Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization. The $30 million Biosphere covers 2.5 acres near Tucson, Arizona, and was entirely self- contained. The eight ‘Biospherian’s’ shared their air- and water-tight world with 3,800 species of plant and animal life. The project had problems with oxygen levels and food supply, and has been criticized over its scientific validity.1990
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_76_xs.jpg
  • USA_SCI_BIOSPH_71_xs <br />
Biosphere 2 Project environmental research lab. Eating lunch of tilapia fish harvested from the Bioshphere 2 rice fields during a test phase prior to the sealing of the Biosphere.  Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization. The $30 million Biosphere covers 2.5 acres near Tucson, Arizona, and was entirely self- contained. The eight ‘Biospherian’s’ shared their air- and water-tight world with 3,800 species of plant and animal life. The project had problems with oxygen levels and food supply, and has been criticized over its scientific validity. 1987
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_71_xs.jpg
  • USA_SCI_BIOSPH_70_xs <br />
Biosphere 2 Project undertaken by Space Biosphere Ventures, a private ecological research firm funded by Edward P. Bass of Texas.  Biosphere candidates inside the test greenhouse.  Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization. The $30 million Biosphere covers 2.5 acres near Tucson, Arizona, and was entirely self- contained. The eight ‘Biospherian’s’ shared their air- and water-tight world with 3,800 species of plant and animal life. The project had problems with oxygen levels and food supply, and has been criticized over its scientific validity. 1986
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_70_xs.jpg
  • USA_SCI_BIOSPH_69_xs <br />
Biosphere 2 Project undertaken by Space Biosphere Ventures, a private ecological research firm funded by Edward P. Bass of Texas.  ‘Biospherian’ Jayne Poynter harvesting potatoes inside Biosphere 2 in the intensive agriculture biome.  Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization. The $30 million Biosphere covers 2.5 acres near Tucson, Arizona, and was entirely self- contained. The eight ‘Biospherian’s’ shared their air- and water-tight world with 3,800 species of plant and animal life. The project had problems with oxygen levels and food supply, and has been criticized over its scientific validity. 1992
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_69_xs.jpg
  • USA_SCI_BIOSPH_68_xs <br />
Biosphere 2 Project undertaken by Space Biosphere Ventures, a private ecological research firm funded by Edward P. Bass of Texas.  Photographer, Peter Menzel and writer, Jean-Claude Grenier inside Biosphere 2.  Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization. The $30 million Biosphere covers 2.5 acres near Tucson, Arizona, and was entirely self- contained. The eight ‘Biospherian’s’ shared their air- and water-tight world with 3,800 species of plant and animal life. The project had problems with oxygen levels and food supply, and has been criticized over its scientific validity. 1990
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_68_xs.jpg
  • USA_SCI_BIOSPH_64_xs <br />
Biosphere 2 Project undertaken by Space Biosphere Ventures, a private ecological research firm funded by Edward P. Bass of Texas.  ‘Biospherian’ Sally Silverstone inside Biosphere 2.  Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization. The $30 million Biosphere covers 2.5 acres near Tucson, Arizona, and was entirely self- contained. The eight ‘Biospherian’s’ shared their air- and water-tight world with 3,800 species of plant and animal life. The project had problems with oxygen levels and food supply, and has been criticized over its scientific validity. 1991
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_64_xs.jpg
  • USA_SCI_BIOSPH_88_xs <br />
Biosphere 2 Project undertaken by Space Biosphere Ventures, a private ecological research firm funded by Edward P. Bass of Texas.  Biosphere candidate Mark Van Thillo in the habitat library. Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization. The $30 million Biosphere covers 2.5 acres near Tucson, Arizona, and was entirely self- contained. The eight ‘Biospherian’s’ shared their air- and water-tight world with 3,800 species of plant and animal life. The project had problems with oxygen levels and food supply, and has been criticized over its scientific validity. 1990
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_88_xs.jpg
  • Biosphere 2 Project undertaken by Space Biosphere Ventures, a private ecological research firm funded by Edward P. Bass of Texas.  Biosphere scientist Mark van Thillo is spearfishing, while a tourist observes, inside the artificial ocean of the Biosphere 2 Project during construction. The Ocean 'biome' provided a source of fish during the two-year duration Project. Water that evaporated from the surface of the 'ocean' was condensed and filtered to provide fresh water for consumption and to replenish the freshwater stream.  Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization. 1992
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_62_xs.jpg
  • Biosphere 2 Project undertaken by Space Biosphere Ventures, a private ecological research firm funded by Edward P. Bass of Texas.  Biosphere scientist Abigail Alling seen diving inside the artificial ocean of the Biosphere 2 Project during construction. The Ocean 'biome' provided a source of fish during the two-year duration of the Project. Water that evaporated from the surface of the 'ocean' was condensed and filtered to provide fresh water for consumption by the and to replenish the freshwater stream.  Biosphere 2 was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization.  1990
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_61_xs.jpg
  • Biosphere 2 Project buildings seen at late afternoon with lightning bolt in the sky. The Biosphere was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization. This photograph won World Press First Place Science photo in 1991. 1990
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_60_xs.jpg
  • Biosphere 2 Project buildings seen at dusk. The Biosphere was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization. 1990
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_58_xs.jpg
  • Biosphere 2 Project buildings seen at dusk. The Biosphere was a privately funded experiment, designed to investigate the way in which humans interact with a small self-sufficient ecological environment, and to look at possibilities for future planetary colonization.  1990
    USA_SCI_BIOSPH_56_xs.jpg
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