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  • Sewer inspection robot. Kurt I, a sewer inspection robot prototype. Here, the robot is moving through a simulated sewer at a German government-owned research and development centre. Unlike its predecessors, the Kurt I, and its successor, Kurt II, are cable-less, autonomous robots, which have their own power supply and piloting system. Kurt uses two low-powered lasers (upper centre) to beam a grid (red, lower centre) into its path. When the gridlines curve, indicating a bend or intersection in the pipe, the robot matches the curves against a digital map in its computer. It will then pilot itself to its destination. Photographed in Bonn, Germany.
    Ger_rs_40_xs.jpg
  • Earthquake research. Geophysicist, William Prescott in the computer data room, with earthquake data recording equipment behind him, at the U.S. Geological Survey's laboratory at Menlo Park, California. USA MODEL RELEASED.
    USA_CA_EQ_15_xs.jpg
  • Delicately handling a pretzel, the robotic hand developed at the Deutsches Zentrum für Luft und Raumfahrt (German Aerospace Center), in the countryside outside Munich, Germany, demonstrates the power of a control technique called force-feedback. To pick up an object, Max Fischer (in control room), one of the hand's developers, uses the data-glove to transmit the motion of his hand to the robot. If he moves a finger, the robot moves the corresponding finger. Early work on remote-controlled robots foundered when the machines unwittingly crushed the objects they were manipulating. From the book Robo sapiens: Evolution of a New Species, page 134.
    GER_rs_12B_qxxs.jpg
  • In a situation all too familiar to robotics researchers, Atsuo Takanishi (on right) is trying to make his creation work. His research team's robot, WE-3RIII (Waseda Eye Number 3 Refined Version III) can follow a light with its digital-camera eyes, moving its head if needed. In the laboratory the robot worked perfectly, its movements almost disconcertingly lifelike. But while being installed at a robot exhibit in Tokyo, WE-3RIII inexplicably and violently threw back its head, tearing apart its own wiring. Now Takanishi and one of his students are puzzling over the problem and will solve it only in the early hours of the morning before the exhibit opened. Japan.From the book Robo sapiens: Evolution of a New Species, page 40-41..
    Japan_JAP_rs_12_qxxs.jpg
  • Sucking up ashes in a London living room, the RoboVac, shown here in a photo-illustration, shuttles randomly around the area, vacuuming everything in its path. Built by Kärcher, a German appliance company, the RoboVac monitors the level of dirt in the stream of incoming air with its optical sensors, that is, it detects when an area especially needs cleaning. When the RoboVac hits a grimy spot, the machine passes back and forth over it until the incoming air is clean, and so too, presumably, is the floor. London, UK. From the book Robo sapiens: Evolution of a New Species, page 164-165.
    GBR_rs_8_qxxs.jpg
  • Kurt I, a 32-cm-long robot, crawls through a simulated sewer network on the grounds of the Gesellschaft für Mathematik und Datenverabeitung-Forschungs-zentrum Informationstechnik GmbH (GMD), a government-owned R&D center outside Bonn, Germany. Every ten years, Germany's 400,000 kilometers of sewers must be inspected, at a cost of $9 per meter. Today, vehicles tethered to long data cables explore remote parts of the system. Because the cables restrict the vehicle's mobility and range, GMD engineers have built Kurt I, which crawls through sewers itself. To pilot itself, the robot?or, rather, its successor model, Kurt II?will use two low-power lasers to beam a checkerboardlike grid into its path. When the gridlines curve, indicating a bend or intersection in the pipe ahead, Kurt II will match the curves against a digital map in its "brain" and pilot itself to its destination. From the book Robo sapiens: Evolution of a New Species, page 194
    GER_rs_6_qxxs.jpg
  • Readying for the RoboCup championship in Sweden, Jörg Wilberg (rear left) and his research team at the German National Research Center (GMD) outside Bonn, Germany review the prospects of their five-machine robot-soccer squad. The GMD team plays in the medium-sized division, which uses a real soccer ball on a field about a third as big as a basketball court. Each robot monitors the position of the ball with a video camera; special software lets the machine track its round shape. Kneeling on the floor, researcher Peter Schöll tests the software by observing the image of the ball in the monitor. From the book Robo sapiens: Evolution of a New Species, page 215
    GER_rs_5_qxxs.jpg
  • In a photo-illustration depicting one way that roboticists are developing robots to take over routine tasks, the Electrolux Robotic Vacuum Cleaner sucks up hair at a Hamburg, Germany,  barbershop. Soon to be available from Electrolux, a Swedish appliance company, the machine will vacuum floors constantly with its small, quiet, battery-powered motor. From the book Robo sapiens: Evolution of a New Species, page 162-163.
    GER_rs_21A_120_qxxs.jpg
  • Robotic articulated hand from the Deutsches Zentrum für Luft und Raumfahrt (German Aerospace Center), in the countryside outside Munich, Germany. From the book Robo sapiens: Evolution of a New Species, page 5.
    GER_rs_12_qxxs.jpg
  • Physics: Patrice Lebrun works on the detector for the L-3 experiment at CERN, which uses a Bismuth Germanium Oxide (BGO) Crystal. BGO (formula Bi4 Ge3 O12) is used to detect electrons and photons generated by electron- positron collisions in the LEP Collider ring. When an electron or photon enters the crystal, its energy is converted into light. The light is channeled by the crystal to photodiodes, producing an electronic signal. 11, 000 crystals, totaling 12 tons in weight, are used in the detector, measuring the energy and position of the incoming particles at very high resolution. The LEP and L- 3 detector were inaugurated on 13 November 1989. Geneva, Switzerland..CERN is the European centre for particle physics near Geneva. L3 is one of 4 giant particle detectors at the LEP Collider. LEP collides electrons & positrons accelerated to an energy of 50 GeV in a circular tunnel 100m underground & 27km in circumference. L3 is a cylindrical assembly of many types of apparatus - hadron & electromagnetic calorimeters, drift chambers, & a time projection chamber - which fit together like layers of an onion around the point where the particles collide. L3 is a collaboration of 460 physicists from institutions in 13 countries. MODEL RELEASED [1988]
    SWI_SCI_PHY_07_xs.jpg
  • Silicon Valley, California; San Jose, California; Fry's electronic warehouse superstore in San Jose is themed like an Aztec temple. (1999).
    USA_SVAL_67_xs.jpg
  • Physics: Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC). Electronics Trailer. J. Chapman checks myriad connections..Stanford Linear Collider (SLC) experiment, Menlo Park, California. With a length of 3km, the Stanford Linear Accelerator is the largest of its kind in the world. The accelerator is used to produce streams of electrons and positrons, which collide at a combined energy of 100 GeV (Giga electron Volts). This massive energy is sufficient to produce Z-zero particles in the collision. The Z-zero is one of the mediators of the weak nuclear force, the force behind radioactive decay, and was first discovered at CERN, Geneva, in 1983. The first Z-zero at SLC was produced on 11 April 1989. [1988]
    USA_SCI_PHY_19_xs.jpg
  • Florida Street, Buenos Aires. Pacifico mall.
    ARG_110110_099_x.jpg
  • Ming Wang Internet cafe in Shanghai, China, where extreme gamer Xu Zhipeng rents a chair for six months at a time and continuously plays games. His longest continuous game lasted three days and nights. China has more than 300 million Internet users; a number close to the entire population of the United States. (Xu Zhipeng is featured in the book What I Eat: Around the World in 80 Diets).
    CHI_060609_716_xw.jpg
  • Xu Zhipeng, a freelance computer graphics artist and Internet gamer, with his typical day's worth of food in his rented chair at the Ming Wang Internet Café in Shanghai, China. (From the book What I Eat: Around the World in 80 Diets.) The caloric value of his day's worth of food in June was 1600 kcals. He is 23 years of age; 6 feet, 2 inches and 157 pounds.  He lives at his computer station, day and night, sleeping there when he's tired and showering once a week at a friend's apartment. His longest continuous game lasted three days and nights. When he tires of gaming at the café he reads fantasy books. ?It's nice to rest your eyes on a book,? he says, even though he's reading it online. China has more than 300 million Internet users?a number close to the entire population of the United States.
    CHI_060609_795_xxw.jpg
  • Playboy lingerie shoot. Hollywood, California. Shot for the book project: A Day in a Life of Hollywood. MODEL RELEASED. USA.
    USA_HLWD_5_xs.jpg
  • Fatigue takes its toll on dedicated extreme gamer, Xu Zhipeng (left), who plays online games day and night at Ming Wang Internet cafe in Shanghai, China. (From the book What I Eat: Around the World in 80 Diets.)  he caloric value of his day's worth of food in June was 1600 kcals. He is 23 years of age; 6 feet, 2 inches tall and 157 pounds.  He lives at his computer station, day and night, sleeping there when he's tired and showering once a week at a friend's apartment. His longest continuous game lasted three days and three nights. When he tires of gaming at the café he reads fantasy books. ?It's nice to rest your eyes on a book,? he says, even though he's reading it online. China has more than 300 million Internet users?a number close to the entire population of the United States. MODEL RELEASED.
    CHI_060611_667_xxw.jpg
  • Ming Wang Internet cafe in Shanghai, China, where extreme gamer Xu Zhipeng rents a chair for six months at a time and continuously plays games. (From the book What I Eat: Around the World in 80 Diets.) His longest continuous game lasted three days and nights. China has more than 300 million Internet users?a number close to the entire population of the United States.
    CHI_060609_712_xxw.jpg
  • Even someone who believes that in the future most humans will become the slaves of all-powerful machines has to have a laugh sometimes. Why not have it with toy machines? Taking a moment off from his work at the cybernetics department at the University of Reading in the UK, Kevin Warwick (on left), author of March of the Machines: Why the New Race of Robots Will Rule the World, plays with Lego Mindstorm robots that his students have programmed to box with each other. The toys are wildly popular with engineers and computer scientists because they can be programmed to perform an amazing variety of tasks. In this game, sensors on the toys determine which machine has been hit the most. In his more serious work, Warwick is now trying to record his neural signals on a computer and replay them into his nervous system. From the book Robo sapiens: Evolution of a New Species, page 222-223.
    GBR_rs_2_qxxs.jpg
  • Physics: Assembly of Bismuth Germanium Oxide (BGO) Crystal for the L-3 experiment at CERN. BGO (formula Bi4 Ge3 O12) is used to detect electrons and photons generated by electron- positron collisions in the LEP Collider ring. When an electron or photon enters the crystal, its energy is converted into light. The light is channeled by the crystal to photodiodes, producing an electronic signal. 11, 000 crystals, totaling 12 tons in weight, are used in the detector, measuring the energy and position of the incoming particles at very high resolution. The LEP and L- 3 detector were inaugurated on 13 November 1989. Geneva, Switzerland..CERN is the European centre for particle physics near Geneva. L3 is one of 4 giant particle detectors at the LEP Collider. LEP collides electrons & positrons accelerated to an energy of 50 GeV in a circular tunnel 100m underground & 27km in circumference. L3 is a cylindrical assembly of many types of apparatus - hadron & electromagnetic calorimeters, drift chambers, & a time projection chamber - which fit together like layers of an onion around the point where the particles collide. L3 is a collaboration of 460 physicists from institutions in 13 countries. MODEL RELEASED [1988]
    SWI_SCI_PHY_06_xs.jpg
  • Physics: Assembly of Bismuth Germanium Oxide (BGO) Crystal for the L-3 experiment at CERN. BGO (formula Bi4 Ge3 O12) is used to detect electrons and photons generated by electron- positron collisions in the LEP Collider ring. When an electron or photon enters the crystal, its energy is converted into light. The light is channeled by the crystal to photodiodes, producing an electronic signal. 11, 000 crystals, totaling 12 tons in weight, are used in the detector, measuring the energy and position of the incoming particles at very high resolution. The LEP and L- 3 detector were inaugurated on 13 November 1989. Geneva, Switzerland. [1988]
    SWI_SCI_PHY_13_xs.jpg
  • Launching weather balloon with field mills into storm. Balloon is 1500 cubic feet surplus nylon with fins that is tethered and carries an electronic field meter. Langmuir Atmospheric Research Lab on Mt. Baldy, New Mexico (1992) Lightning occurs when a large electrical charge builds up in a cloud, probably due to the friction of water and ice particles. The charge induces an opposite charge on the ground, and a few leader electrons travel to the ground. When one makes contact, there is a huge backflow of energy up the path of the electron. This produces a bright flash of light, and temperatures of up to 30,000 degrees Celsius.
    USA_SCI_LIG_17_xs.jpg
  • To study the flight control behavior of fruit flies, a tiny fly is glued to a probe positioned in an electronic arena of hundreds of flashing LEDs that can also measure its wing motion and flight forces. By altering its wing motion, the fly itself can change the display of the moving electronic panorama, tricking the fly into "thinking" it is really flying through the air. The amplified humming of the fruit fly as it buzzes through its imaginary flight surrounded by computers in the darkened lab is quite bizarre. UC Berkeley, CA, USA.
    Usa_rs_619_xs.jpg
  • To study the flight control behavior of fruit flies, Dickinson and his researchers have come up with something even more bizarre than RoboFly. They have built a virtual reality flight simulator for fruit flies in an upstairs lab. A tiny fly is glued to a probe positioned in an electronic arena of hundreds of flashing LEDs that can also measure its wing motion and flight forces. By altering its wing motion, the fly itself can change the display of the moving electronic panorama, tricking the fly into "thinking" it is really flying through the air. The amplified humming of the fruit fly as it buzzes through its imaginary flight surrounded by computers in the darkened lab is quite bizarre.
    Usa_rs_616_xs.jpg
  • Launching weather balloon with field mills into storm. Balloon is 1500 cubic feet surplus nylon with fins that is tethered and carries an electronic field meter. Langmuir Atmospheric Research Lab on Mt. Baldy, New Mexico (1992)
    USA_SCI_LIG_20_xs.jpg
  • Launching weather balloon with field mills into storm. Balloon is 1500 cubic feet surplus nylon with fins that is tethered and carries an electronic field meter. Langmuir Atmospheric Research Lab on Mt. Baldy, New Mexico (1992)
    USA_SCI_LIG_18_xs.jpg
  • Launching weather balloon with field mills into storm. Balloon is 1500 cubic feet surplus nylon with fins that is tethered and carries an electronic field meter. Langmuir Atmospheric Research Lab on Mt. Baldy, New Mexico (1992)
    USA_SCI_LIG_16_xs.jpg
  • The ghoulish host for Secrets of the Crypt Keeper's Haunted House, a Saturday-morning television show for kids, is an animatronic; that is, lifelike electronic-robot. Built by AVG, of Chatsworth, California, the Crypt Keeper can show almost every human expression, although it must first be programmed to do so. Larger gestures of head and hand are created not by programming, but by electronically linking the robotic figure to an actor. From the book Robo sapiens: Evolution of a New Species, page 207.
    USA_rs_376_qxxs.jpg
  • Snarling at the rush-hour traffic, this new animatronic; that is, lifelike and electronic replica of an Allosaurus is returning from the paint shop to the Dinamation factory in Orange County, California. Dinamation International, a California-based company, makes a collection of robotic dinosaurs. The dinosaurs are sent out in traveling displays to museums around the world. The dinosaur's robotic metal skeleton is covered by rigid fiberglass plates, over which is laid a flexible skin of urethane foam. The plates and skin are sculpted and painted to make the dinosaurs appear as realistic as possible. The creature's joints are operated by compressed air and the movements controlled by computer.
    USA_SCI_DINO_08_xs.jpg
  • Professor Boris Rubinsky at University of California Berkeley, Department of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering. He developed the first "bionic chip", in which a biological cell is part of the actual electronic circuitry, invented with graduate student Yong Huang. MODEL RELEASED [2001]
    USA_SCI_PHY_04_xs.jpg
  • Massachusetts's Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge Massachusetts. MIT Media Laboratory: Glorianna Davenport.  Davenport is working on interactive cinema and TV.  She is in an editing room surrounded by images from various sources.  She believes the future of news is "an electronic personal storyteller that knows both you and the information personally.  The story is being told to you, for you."  She wants to have a "media bank," a collection of opinions and different points of view that can be accessed through video. MODEL RELEASED (1994).
    USA_SCI_MIT_02_120_xs.jpg
  • Holding what will become a robot leg, Stanford graduate student Jonathan Clark demonstrates the structure's resilience. Using shape deposition molds like the one below Clark's hand, Cutkosky and his students are now embedding electronic parts into molded plastic to create structures with the flexibility of living tissue. Stanford, CA.  From the book Robo sapiens: Evolution of a New Species, page 99 bottom.
    USA_rs_475_qxxs.jpg
  • After the battle at San Francisco's Robot Wars, robot owners quickly repair what they can in the adjacent pit area . Full of machines being groomed for combat and surgically rescued after it, the pit is a sort of electronic fighter's dressing room and hospital emergency room. Video monitors above the pit give contestants a view of the action. At Robot Wars, a two-day festival of mechanical destruction at San Francisco's Fort Mason Center. California. From the book Robo sapiens: Evolution of a New Species, page 204 top.
    USA_rs_398_qxxs.jpg
  • The ghoulish host for Secrets of the Crypt Keeper's Haunted House, a Saturday-morning television show for kids, is an animatronic; that is, lifelike electronic-robot. Built by AVG, of Chatsworth, California, the Crypt Keeper can show almost every human expression, although it must first be programmed to do so. Larger gestures of head and hand are created not by programming, but by electronically linking the robotic figure to an actor. From the book Robo sapiens: Evolution of a New Species, page 206.
    USA_rs_375_qxxs.jpg
  • Snarling at the rush-hour traffic, this new animatronic; that is, lifelike and electronic replica of an Allosaurus is returning from the paint shop to the Dinamation factory in Orange County, California. Dinamation International, a California-based company, makes a collection of robotic dinosaurs. The dinosaurs are sent out in traveling displays to museums around the world. The dinosaur's robotic metal skeleton is covered by rigid fiberglass plates, over which is laid a flexible skin of urethane foam. The creature's joints are operated by compressed air and the movements controlled by computer.
    USA_SCI_DINO_10_xs.jpg
  • Robot designer Yoshihiro Fujita stares into the electronic eyes of R100, his personal-assistant robot. The robot can recognize faces, identify a few hundred words of Japanese, and obey simple commands, but its most important job, Fujita says, is to help families keep in touch. If Mom at work wants to remind Junior at home to study, she can E-mail the robot, which will deliver the message verbally. To take the sting out of the command, the robot can sing and dance, a charming feature that is one reason NEC is inching toward commercializing the project. Japan. From the book Robo sapiens: Evolution of a New Species, page166-167.
    Japan_JAP_rs_260_qxxs.jpg
  • Professor Boris Rubinsky at University of California Berkeley, Department of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering. He developed the first "bionic chip" in which a biological cell is part of the actual electronic circuitry invented with graduate student Yong Huang. MODEL RELEASED [2001]
    USA_SCI_PHY_30_xs.jpg
  • Snarling at the rush-hour traffic, this new animatronic; that is, lifelike and electronic replica of an Allosaurus is returning from the paint shop to the Dinamation factory in Orange County, California. Dinamation International, a California-based company, makes a collection of robotic dinosaurs. The dinosaurs are sent out in traveling displays to museums around the world. The dinosaur's robotic metal skeleton is covered by rigid fiberglass plates, over which is laid a flexible skin of urethane foam. The plates and skin are sculpted and painted to make the dinosaurs appear as realistic as possible. The creature's joints are operated by compressed air and the movements controlled by computer.
    USA_SCI_DINO_17_xs.jpg
  • Snarling at the rush-hour traffic, this new animatronic; that is, lifelike and electronic replica of an Allosaurus is returning from the paint shop to the Dinamation factory in Orange County, California. Dinamation International, a California-based company, makes a collection of robotic dinosaurs. The dinosaurs are sent out in traveling displays to museums around the world. The dinosaur's robotic metal skeleton is covered by rigid fiberglass plates, over which is laid a flexible skin of urethane foam. The plates and skin are sculpted and painted to make the dinosaurs appear as realistic as possible. The creature's joints are operated by compressed air and the movements controlled by computer.
    USA_SCI_DINO_09_xs.jpg
  • In an oddly ghoulish bit of dental R&D, Waseda University engineers have built a "jaw-robot" from a skull, some electronic circuitry, and an assembly of pulleys, wheels, and cables that act like muscle. Sensors measure the biting action of the jaw and the force of the chewing. Japan. From the book Robo sapiens: Evolution of a New Species, page 173.
    Japan_JAP_rs_41_qxxs.jpg
  • Photographed at a baptismal font in the chapel of Schloss Burlinghoven, a nineteenth-century castle on the campus of the German National Center for Information Technology, the walking robot Sir Arthur stands with its creator, research scientist Frank Kirchner. Sir Arthur began as a relatively simple robot with sonarlike "vision" that prevented it from trapping itself in corners and snagging itself on obstacles. It was successful enough that Kirchner obtained funding from the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency to assemble a team of researchers from diverse disciplines: computer science, math, physics, and electronic and mechanical engineering, to build an enhanced, solar-powered version that can cross rough outdoor terrain. Germany. From the book Robo sapiens: Evolution of a New Species, page 112
    GER_rs_2_qxxs.jpg
  • Alan Weinstein from the Stanford Linear Collider (SLC) experiment, seen with a computer-simulated collision event between an electron and a positron. The SLC produces Z-zero particles by this collision process, which takes place at energies high enough for the electron and positron to annihilate one another, the Z-zero left decaying rapidly into another electron/positron pair or a quark/anti-quark pair. The Z-zero is one of the mediators of the weak nuclear force, the force behind radioactive decay, and was discovered at CERN in 1983. The first Z-zero seen at SLC was detected on 11 April 1989. MODEL RELEASED [1988] Menlo Park, California.
    USA_SCI_PHY_06_xs.jpg
  • Physics: Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC). Main complex. (1986) 3. 2 km (2 mile) long linear accelerator at the Stanford Linear Accel- erator Center (SLAC), California. The end at which the electrons start their journey is in the distance; the experimental areas where the accelerated electrons are smashed into targets, or used for further acceleration in electron-positron Colliders, is in the group of buildings seen here. The giant red- roofed building in the experimental area is End Station A, where the first evidence of quarks was discovered in 1968-72. .Stanford Linear Collider (SLC) experiment, Menlo Park, California. With a length of 3km, the Stanford Linear Accelerator is the largest of its kind in the world. The accelerator is used to produce streams of electrons and positrons, which collide at a combined energy of 100 GeV (Giga electron Volts). This massive energy is sufficient to produce Z-zero particles in the collision. The Z-zero is one of the mediators of the weak nuclear force, the force behind radioactive decay, and was first discovered at CERN, Geneva, in 1983. The first Z-zero at SLC was produced on 11 April 1989.
    USA_SCI_PHY_37_xs.jpg
  • David Scharf, US electron microscopist and photographer. He was educated in physics in New Jersey, and then worked at a variety of electronics and aerospace companies using conventional photography. He first used a scanning electron microscope (SEM) while at an aerospace company. Shortly after this he decided to become a photographer specializing in images of the very small. Scharf has his own SEM, linked to a computer for control and coloring of his images. He has been published in journals such as Life, National Geographic and Geo. He has published a book of his SEMs entitled Magnifications. Photographed at his home in Los Angeles, 1994. Images on a light table in his basement lab.
    USA_SCI_PHO_02_xs.jpg
  • David Scharf, US electron microscopist and photographer. He was educated in physics in New Jersey, and then worked at a variety of electronics and aerospace companies using conventional photography. He first used a scanning electron microscope (SEM) while at an aerospace company. Shortly after this he decided to become a photographer specializing in images of the very small. Scharf has his own SEM, linked to a computer for control and coloring of his images. He has been published in journals such as Life, National Geographic and Geo. He has published a book of his SEMs entitled Magnifications. Photographed at his home in Los Angeles, Model Released 1994.
    USA_SCI_PHO_01_xs.jpg
  • David Scharf, US electron microscopist and photographer. He was educated in physics in New Jersey, and then worked at a variety of electronics and aerospace companies using conventional photography. He first used a scanning electron microscope (SEM) while at an aerospace company. Shortly after this he decided to become a photographer specializing in images of the very small. Scharf has his own SEM, linked to a computer for control and coloring of his images. He has been published in journals such as Life, National Geographic and Geo. He has published a book of his SEMs entitled Magnifications. Photographed at his home in Los Angeles. Model Released. 1994.
    USA_SCI_PHO_01_120_xs.jpg
  • Burton Richter (born 1931), American physicist and director of the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) since 1984. Richter has drawn the letter Z with his torch light, representing the Z-zero particle, one of the mediators of the weak nuclear force. In the 1960s, Richter worked on the Stanford electron storage rings, the first accelerator to collide subatomic particles together. In 1970-72, he directed the building of the SPEAR electron- positron Collider at SLAC, which yielded his discovery of the J/psi particle in 1974. For this work, Richter shared the 1976 Nobel prize in physics with Sam Ting, whose team at Brookhaven had also found the same particle. MODEL RELEASED [1986].
    USA_SCI_PHY_03_xs.jpg
  • Physics: Scientist checking the sense wires of the muon detector inside the clean room of CERN's L-3 experiment during construction in [1988] The detector consists of 250, 000 beryllium and tungsten wires mounted in 80 chambers. A pair of positive and negative muons may be produced by the collision of an electron and a positron, the wires detect the muons and measure their momentum. The L-3 experiment is part of CERN's Large Electron- Positron Collider (LEP), inaugurated on 13 November 1989. [1988].
    SWI_SCI_PHY_09_xs.jpg
  • Simulated lightning strike to a sailboat model in lab. Institution för Hopspänningsforkning, Husbyborg, Uppsala, Sweden. Engineer - Eric Löfberg (1991).Lightning occurs when a large electrical charge builds up in a cloud, probably due to the friction of water and ice particles. The charge induces an opposite charge on the ground, and a few leader electrons travel to the ground. When one makes contact, there is a huge backflow of energy up the path of the electron. This produces a bright flash of light, and temperatures of up to 30,000 degrees Celsius.
    SWE_SCI_LIG_02_xs.jpg
  • Launching weather balloon with field mills into an approaching electrical lightning storm.. Langmuir Atmospheric Research Lab on Mt. Baldy, New Mexico (1992) Lightning occurs when a large electrical charge builds up in a cloud, probably due to the friction of water and ice particles. The charge induces an opposite charge on the ground, and a few leader electrons travel to the ground. When one makes contact, there is a huge backflow of energy up the path of the electron. This produces a bright flash of light, and temperatures of up to 30,000 degrees Celsius..
    USA_SCI_LIG_13_xs.jpg
  • Summer lightning storm over Tucson, Arizona from Tumamoc Hill with Saguaro cactus. Storms erupt regularly during Arizona summers due to the moist air that flows in from the Gulf of California then collides with nearby mountains and is forced upward, where it condenses into thunderclouds. ..Lightning occurs when a large electrical charge builds up in a cloud, probably due to the friction of water and ice particles. The charge induces an opposite charge on the ground, and a few leader electrons travel to the ground. When one makes contact, there is a huge backflow of energy up the path of the electron. This produces a bright flash of light, and temperatures of up to 30,000 degrees Celsius. Tucson, Arizona, USA. (1992)
    USA_SCI_LIG_01_xs.jpg
  • Summer lightning storm over Tucson, Arizona from Tumamoc Hill with Saguaro cactus. Storms erupt regularly during Arizona summers due to the moist air that flows in from the Gulf of California then collides with nearby mountains and is forced upward, where it condenses into thunderclouds. ..Lightning occurs when a large electrical charge builds up in a cloud, probably due to the friction of water and ice particles. The charge induces an opposite charge on the ground, and a few leader electrons travel to the ground. When one makes contact, there is a huge backflow of energy up the path of the electron. This produces a bright flash of light, and temperatures of up to 30,000 degrees Celsius. Tucson, Arizona, USA. (1992)
    USA_SCI_LIG_001_nxs.jpg
  • Simulated lightning strike to a TV antenna wire, exploding the wire. Institution for Hopspänningsforkning, Husbyborg, Uppsala, Sweden. Engineer - Eric Löfberg. (1991).Lightning occurs when a large electrical charge builds up in a cloud, probably due to the friction of water and ice particles. The charge induces an opposite charge on the ground, and a few leader electrons travel to the ground. When one makes contact, there is a huge backflow of energy up the path of the electron. This produces a bright flash of light, and temperatures of up to 30,000 degrees Celsius.
    SWE_SCI_LIG_01_xs.jpg
  • Lightning demonstration strikes model house and church with impulses of up to 800,000 volts. Deutsches Museum, Munich, Germany. 1991..Lightning occurs when a large electrical charge builds up in a cloud, probably due to the friction of water and ice particles. The charge induces an opposite charge on the ground, and a few leader electrons travel to the ground. When one makes contact, there is a huge backflow of energy up the path of the electron. This produces a bright flash of light, and temperatures of up to 30,000 degrees Celsius.
    GER_SCI_LIG_01_xs.jpg
  • Physics: Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC), Menlo Park, California. Control Room [1988]. Instrumentation displays inside the control room of the Stanford Linear Collider (SLC) experiment, Menlo Park, California. With a length of 3km, the Stanford Linear Accelerator is the largest of its kind in the world. The accelerator is used to produce streams of electrons and positrons, which collide at a combined energy of 100 GeV (Giga electron Volts). This massive energy is sufficient to produce Z-zero particles in the collision. The Z-zero is one of the mediators of the weak nuclear force, the force behind radioactive decay, and was first discovered at CERN, Geneva, in 1983. The first Z-zero at SLC was produced on 11 April 1989.
    USA_SCI_PHY_29_xs.jpg
  • Physics: Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC), Menlo Park, California. Control Room..Instrumentation displays inside the control room of the Stanford Linear Collider (SLC) experiment, California. With a length of 3km, the Stanford Linear Accelerator is the largest of its kind in the world. The accelerator is used to produce streams of electrons and positrons, which collide at a combined energy of 100 GeV (Giga electron Volts). This massive energy is sufficient to produce Z-zero particles in the collision. The Z-zero is one of the mediators of the weak nuclear force, the force behind radioactive decay, and was first discovered at CERN, Geneva, in 1983. The first Z-zero at SLC was produced on 11 April 1989. [1988]
    USA_SCI_PHY_22_xs.jpg
  • Physics: Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC). Rafe Schindler and Iris Abt with detector insert. Stanford Linear Collider (SLC) experiment, Menlo Park, California. With a length of 3km, the Stanford Linear Accelerator is the largest of its kind in the world. The accelerator is used to produce streams of electrons and positrons, which collide at a combined energy of 100 GeV (Giga electron Volts). This massive energy is sufficient to produce Z-zero particles in the collision. The Z-zero is one of the mediators of the weak nuclear force, the force behind radioactive decay, and was first discovered at CERN, Geneva, in 1983. The first Z-zero at SLC was produced on 11 April 1989. [1988]
    USA_SCI_PHY_18_xs.jpg
  • Physics: Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC). Large Detector construction: sorting through the tens of thousands of fittings. Stanford Linear Collider (SLC) experiment, Menlo Park, California. With a length of 3km, the Stanford Linear Accelerator is the largest of its kind in the world. The accelerator is used to produce streams of electrons and positrons, which collide at a combined energy of 100 GeV (Giga electron Volts). This massive energy is sufficient to produce Z-zero particles in the collision. The Z-zero is one of the mediators of the weak nuclear force, the force behind radioactive decay, and was first discovered at CERN, Geneva, in 1983. The first Z-zero at SLC was produced on 11 April 1989. [1988]
    USA_SCI_PHY_15_xs.jpg
  • Physics: Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) Helen Quinn, theoretician. Stanford Linear Collider (SLC) experiment, Menlo Park, California. With a length of 3km, the Stanford Linear Accelerator is the largest of its kind in the world. The accelerator is used to produce streams of electrons and positrons, which collide at a combined energy of 100 GeV (Giga electron Volts). This massive energy is sufficient to produce Z-zero particles in the collision. The Z-zero is one of the mediators of the weak nuclear force, the force behind radioactive decay, and was first discovered at CERN, Geneva, in 1983. The first Z-zero at SLC was produced on 11 April 1989. MODEL RELEASED [1986].
    USA_SCI_PHY_05_xs.jpg
  • The particle physics collaboration group in the detector pit of the L-3 experiment at CERN's Large Electron-Positron Collider (LEP) ring during its construction in [1988] (Sam Ting bottom left in trench coat.) The pit now contains detectors that can measure and identify the various electrons, muons and photons that are emitted following collision events. The main part of the detector is the large magnet, contained in a cubic space of 12 meters each side and weighing 7810 tons. The magnet surrounds the particle detectors; the vertex chamber, the electromagnetic calorimeter, the hadron calorimeter and the muon chamber. The LEP ring was inaugurated on 13 November 1989. The LEP ring was inaugurated on 13 November 1989. [1988].
    SWI_SCI_PHY_10_xs.jpg
  • Arizona. Lightning. Time exposure image of lightning strikes over Tucson, Arizona, USA..The silhouette of a giant saguaro cactus (Carnegiea gigantea) is in the foreground at right and left. Car tail light trails are also seen in the foreground. Lightning occurs when a large electrical charge builds up in a cloud, probably due to the friction of water and ice particles. The charge induces an opposite charge on the ground, and a few leader electrons travel to the ground. When one makes contact, there is a huge backflow of energy up the path of the electron. This produces a bright flash of light, and temperatures of up to 30,000 degrees Celsius. Photographed in Tucson, Arizona, USA. .
    USA_AZ_06_xs.jpg
  • Summer lightning storm over Tucson, Arizona from Tumamoc Hill with Saguaro cactus. Storms erupt regularly during Arizona summers due to the moist air that flows in from the Gulf of California then collides with nearby mountains and is forced upward, where it condenses into thunderclouds. ..Lightning occurs when a large electrical charge builds up in a cloud, probably due to the friction of water and ice particles. The charge induces an opposite charge on the ground, and a few leader electrons travel to the ground. When one makes contact, there is a huge backflow of energy up the path of the electron. This produces a bright flash of light, and temperatures of up to 30,000 degrees Celsius. Tucson, Arizona, USA. (1992)
    USA_SCI_LIG_36_xs.jpg
  • Launching weather balloon with field mills into an approaching electrical lightning storm. Langmuir Atmospheric Research Lab on Mt. Baldy, New Mexico (1992) Lightning occurs when a large electrical charge builds up in a cloud, probably due to the friction of water and ice particles. The charge induces an opposite charge on the ground, and a few leader electrons travel to the ground. When one makes contact, there is a huge backflow of energy up the path of the electron. This produces a bright flash of light, and temperatures of up to 30,000 degrees Celsius.
    USA_SCI_LIG_14_xs.jpg
  • Summer lightning storm over Tucson, Arizona from Tumamoc Hill with Saguaro cactus. Storms erupt regularly during Arizona summers due to the moist air that flows in from the Gulf of California then collides with nearby mountains and is forced upward, where it condenses into thunderclouds. ..Lightning occurs when a large electrical charge builds up in a cloud, probably due to the friction of water and ice particles. The charge induces an opposite charge on the ground, and a few leader electrons travel to the ground. When one makes contact, there is a huge backflow of energy up the path of the electron. This produces a bright flash of light, and temperatures of up to 30,000 degrees Celsius. Tucson, Arizona, USA. (1992)
    USA_SCI_LIG_02_xs.jpg
  • Physics: Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC), Menlo Park, California. Large Detector Control Room. Instrumentation displays inside the control room of the Stanford Linear Collider (SLC) experiment, California. With a length of 3km, the Stanford Linear Accelerator is the largest of its kind in the world. The accelerator is used to produce streams of electrons and positrons, which collide at a combined energy of 100 GeV (Giga electron Volts). This massive energy is sufficient to produce Z-zero particles in the collision. The Z-zero is one of the mediators of the weak nuclear force, the force behind radioactive decay, and was first discovered at CERN, Geneva, in 1983. The first Z-zero at SLC was produced on 11 April 1989. [1988]
    USA_SCI_PHY_26_xs.jpg
  • Physics: Aligning Magnets in the 3 km tunnel of the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC), Menlo Park, California.  Reverse Bend SLC Experiment, [1986].Technicians making final alignment checks in the tunnel of the Stanford Linear Collider (SLC). The SLC was built from the 3km linear accelerator at Stanford, California. In the SLC, electrons and positrons are accelerated to energies of 50 giga electron volts (GeV) before being forced to collide. In this collision, a Z-nought particle may be produced. The Z-nought is the mediator of the electroweak nuclear force, the force behind radioactive decay. The first Z-nought was detected at SLC on 11 April 1989, six years after its discovery at the European LEP accelerator ring, near Geneva..
    USA_SCI_PHY_25_xs.jpg
  • Physics: Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) Martin Perl, Physicist at SLAC..Stanford Linear Collider (SLC) experiment, Menlo Park, California. With a length of 3km, the Stanford Linear Accelerator is the largest of its kind in the world. The accelerator is used to produce streams of electrons and positrons, which collide at a combined energy of 100 GeV (Giga electron Volts). This massive energy is sufficient to produce Z-zero particles in the collision. The Z-zero is one of the mediators of the weak nuclear force, the force behind radioactive decay, and was first discovered at CERN, Geneva, in 1983. The first Z-zero at SLC was produced on 11 April 1989. MODEL RELEASED [1988]
    USA_SCI_PHY_10_xs.jpg
  • The particle physics collaboration group in the detector pit of the L-3 experiment at CERN's Large Electron-Positron Collider (LEP) ring during its construction in [1988] (Sam Ting bottom left, in trench coat.) The pit now contains detectors that can measure and identify the various electrons, muons and photons that are emitted following collision events. The main part of the detector is the large magnet, contained in a cubic space of 12 meters each side and weighing 7810 tons. The magnet surrounds the particle detectors; the vertex chamber, the electromagnetic calorimeter, the hadron calorimeter and the muon chamber. The LEP ring was inaugurated on 13 November 1989. [1988]
    SWI_SCI_PHY_11_xs.jpg
  • Physics: Geneva, Switzerland. CERN: L-3 Experiment. A technician (K. Reismann) works inside the L3 detector at CERN, the European centre for particle physics near Geneva. The L-3 experiment is part of CERN's Large Electron- Positron Collider (LEP), inaugurated on 13 November 1989. L3 is one of 4 giant particle detectors at the LEP Collider. LEP collides electrons & positrons accelerated to an energy of 50 GeV in a circular tunnel 100m underground & 27km in circumference. L3 is a cylindrical assembly of many types of apparatus - hadron & electromagnetic calorimeters, drift chambers, & a time projection chamber - which fit together, like layers of an onion around the point where the particles collide. L3 is a collaboration of 460 physicists from institutions in 13 countries. Aachen Group. MODEL RELEASED [1988].
    SWI_SCI_PHY_05_xs.jpg
  • Physics: Geneva, Switzerland/CERN: L-3 Experiment. Russian scientist Yuri Kamishkou seen with the Hadron Calorimeter. CERN is the European centre for particle physics near Geneva. L3 is one of 4 giant particle detectors at the LEP Collider. The L-3 experiment is part of CERN's Large Electron- Positron Collider (LEP), inaugurated on 13 November 1989. LEP collides electrons & positrons accelerated to an energy of 50 GeV in a circular tunnel 100m underground & 27km in circumference. L3 is a cylindrical assembly of many types of apparatus - hadron & electromagnetic calorimeters, drift chambers, & a time projection chamber - which fit together like layers of an onion around the point where the particles collide. L3 is a collaboration of 460 physicists from institutions in 13 countries. MODEL RELEASED [1988]
    SWI_SCI_PHY_04_xs.jpg
  • Summer lightning storm over Tucson, Arizona from Tumamoc Hill with Saguaro cactus. Storms erupt regularly during Arizona summers due to the moist air that flows in from the Gulf of California then collides with nearby mountains and is forced upward, where it condenses into thunderclouds. ..Lightning occurs when a large electrical charge builds up in a cloud, probably due to the friction of water and ice particles. The charge induces an opposite charge on the ground, and a few leader electrons travel to the ground. When one makes contact, there is a huge backflow of energy up the path of the electron. This produces a bright flash of light, and temperatures of up to 30,000 degrees Celsius. Tucson, Arizona, USA. (1992)
    USA_SCI_LIG_32_xs.jpg
  • T-28 armor-plated aircraft used to fly through storm clouds to measure particle sizes and cloud electrification. Cape Canaveral (Kennedy Space Center), Florida. (1991).Lightning occurs when a large electrical charge builds up in a cloud, probably due to the friction of water and ice particles. The charge induces an opposite charge on the ground, and a few leader electrons travel to the ground. When one makes contact, there is a huge backflow of energy up the path of the electron. This produces a bright flash of light, and temperatures of up to 30,000 degrees Celsius.
    USA_SCI_LIG_15_xs.jpg
  • Physics: Pat Burchat, with a computer simulation reflected in her glasses at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) Large Detector. Computer Simulated Event. Stanford Linear Collider (SLC) experiment, Menlo Park, California. With a length of 3km, the Stanford Linear Accelerator is the largest of its kind in the world. The accelerator is used to produce streams of electrons and positrons, which collide at a combined energy of 100 GeV (Giga electron Volts). This massive energy is sufficient to produce Z-zero particles in the collision. The Z-zero is one of the mediators of the weak nuclear force, the force behind radioactive decay, and was first discovered at CERN, Geneva, in 1983. The first Z-zero at SLC was produced on 11 April 1989. MODEL RELEASED [1988]
    USA_SCI_PHY_09_xs.jpg
  • Matthew Jones, wearing 3-D glasses to view computer simulations, from the Stanford Linear Collider (SLC) experiment, seen with a computer-simulated collision event between an electron and a positron. The SLC produces Z-zero particles by this collision process, which takes place at extremely high energies. The Z-zero is one of the mediators of the weak nuclear force, the force behind radioactive decay, and was discovered at CERN in 1983. The scientist is seen wearing special glasses that enable viewing of computer- generated stereoscopic images of the particle tracks following the collision inside the Large Detector. The first Z-zero seen at SLC was detected on 11 April 1989. MODEL RELEASED [1988]
    USA_SCI_PHY_08_xs.jpg
  • Failure Analysis Associates, Inc. (an engineering and scientific consulting firm now called Exponent). Menlo Park, California. Using a scanning electron microscope to find an impurity in glass that was causing it to shatter. MODEL RELEASED
    USA_FLAN_07_xs.jpg
  • Physics: Raychem Corporation's CEO Paul Cook in electron accelerator radiation chamber (plastic pipe irradiation) MODEL RELEASED [1987]
    USA_SCI_PHY_13_xs.jpg
  • Physics: Samuel C.C. Ting (b.1936), Project Director of the L-3 Detector Experiment at CERN's Large Electron- Positron Collider (LEP). Sam Ting won the 1976 Nobel Prize for physics (shared with Burton Richter), following his discovery of the J/Psi particle at the Brookhaven Laboratory in 1974. The J/Psi particle, and the Psi-prime particle discovered by Richter, implied the existence of two new quarks, Charm and anti-Charm. The L-3 experiment at CERN is designed to search for the fundamental particles of nature and the mechanism by which they receive their mass. MODEL RELEASED [1988]
    SWI_SCI_PHY_03_xs.jpg
  • Matthew Jones, wearing 3-D glasses to view computer simulations, from the Stanford Linear Collider (SLC) experiment, seen with a computer-simulated collision event between an electron and a positron. The SLC produces Z-zero particles by this collision process, which takes place at extremely high energies. The Z-zero is one of the mediators of the weak nuclear force, the force behind radioactive decay, and was discovered at CERN in 1983. The scientist is seen wearing special glasses that enable viewing of computer- generated stereoscopic images of the particle tracks following the collision inside the Large Detector. The first Z-zero seen at SLC was detected on 11 April 1989. MODEL RELEASED [1988]
    USA_SCI_PHY_07_xs.jpg
  • Micro Technology: Micromechanics: Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of a mite (Acarimetaseiulus occidentalis) on the surface of a silicon micro-resonator 'chip'. The micro- resonator, or 'semaphore structure', is a product of micromechanics. Micro-resonators are use to make tiny vibration sensors for engineering use. The comb-like detector ends of the micro- resonators are seen here, a thin strand of silicon running from the left detector toward top left is attached to a large resonant mass. The absence of a resonant mass fixed to the right detector indicates a fault in manufacture. To give an idea of scale, the silicon strand is 2 microns thick and 2 microns wide. Reid Brennan's semaphore structure with mite. [1990]
    USA_SCI_MICRO_15_xs.jpg
  • Raychem's Paul Cook outside Electron Beam accelerator radiation chamber (used for plastic pipe irradiation). Model Released.
    USA_SVAL_56_xs.jpg
  • Physics: Electron beam accelerator operator at RayChem Corp. Uriel Lopez, beam operator. MODEL RELEASED
    USA_SCI_PHY_27_xs.jpg
  • Micro Technology: Micromechanics: Dale Emery at the controls of a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The image from the microscope is displayed on the TV-type screens. The subject under the microscope is a 250 micron-diameter wobble motor, a micromechanical device. Just visible in the display running diagonally across the right of the screen is a human hair included for comparison. University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA. Model Released
    USA_SCI_MICRO_19_xs.jpg
  • Static electricity. A child plays with a plasma globe in a museum. A plasma globe is a large glass vessel, containing a gas at low pressure. A voltage of static electricity is applied between the metal sphere at centre and the glass. Static discharge across the gas causes its atoms to lose their electrons, a 'plasma' state. When the nuclei and their electrons recombine, they emit a characteristic color light. Placing an object against the glass, such as the child's hand, concentrates the local static charge and creates the beautiful 'streamer' effect seen here. Photographed at the Boston Museum of Science. MODEL RELEASED (1991)
    USA_SCI_LIG_12_xs.jpg
  • FINAL CONTACT: "GRAVEWATCH".  Photo Illustration for the Future of Communication GEO (Germany) Special issue. Fictional Representation and Caption: Interactive gravestones became quite popular in the 21st century. Adding snippets of video of the diseased was quite easy to program since nearly every family had extensively documented their family time with small digital videocams. AI (artificial intelligence) computer programs made conversations with the dead quite easy. These virtual visits to the underworld became passé within a decade however, and graveyard visits became less common. By mid-century many people wanted to insure that their relatives would continue paying their respects, and keeping their memory alive. New technology insured regular visits to the gravesite to pick up a monthly inheritance check issued electronically by a built-in device with wireless connection to the living relative's bank account. Face recognition (and retinal scanners on high-end models) insured that family members were present during the half-hour visits. A pressure pad at the foot of the grave activated the system and after 30 minutes of kneeling at the grave, watching videos or prerecorded messages or admonitions, a message flashed on the screen, indicating that a deposit had been made electronically to their bank account. For the Wright family of Napa, California, there is no other way to collect Uncle Eno's inheritance other than by monthly kneelings. ["Gravewatch" tombstones shown with "Retscan" retinal scanning ID monitors.] MODEL RELEASED
    USA_SCI_COMM_07_xs.jpg
  • FINAL CONTACT: "GRAVEWATCH".  Photo Illustration for the Future of Communication GEO (Germany) Special issue. Fictional Representation and Caption: Interactive gravestones became quite popular in the 21st century. Adding snippets of video of the diseased was quite easy to program since nearly every family had extensively documented their family time with small digital videocams. AI (artificial intelligence) computer programs made conversations with the dead quite easy. These virtual visits to the underworld became passé within a decade however, and graveyard visits became less common. By mid-century many people wanted to insure that their relatives would continue paying their respects, and keeping their memory alive. New technology insured regular visits to the gravesite to pick up a monthly inheritance check issued electronically by a built-in device with wireless connection to the living relative's bank account. Face recognition (and retinal scanners on high-end models) insured that family members were present during the half-hour visits. A pressure pad at the foot of the grave activated the system and after 30 minutes of kneeling at the grave, watching videos or prerecorded messages or admonitions, a message flashed on the screen, indicating that a deposit had been made electronically to their bank account. For the Wright family of Napa, California, there is no other way to collect Uncle Eno's inheritance other than by monthly kneelings. ["Gravewatch" tombstones shown with "Retscan" retinal scanning ID monitors.] MODEL RELEASED
    USA_SCI_COMM_06_xs.jpg
  • Outside the Quiapo Market in the Philippines, people pick through the trash discarded from the early-morning wholesale market. Inside, the covered market is a tumult of activity and offers an extraordinary variety of goods, ranging from food, clothing, consumer electronics, and patent medicines to religious images and even prayers (busy people can outsource their prayers to the Quiapo Church's "prayer ladies"). Hungry Planet: What the World Eats (p. 239). This image is featured alongside the Cabaña family images in Hungry Planet: What the World Eats.
    PHI04_0005_xxf1.jpg
  • Physics: Geneva, Switzerland/CERN: L-3 Experiment. Computer simulation of particle physics collision. CERN is the European centre for particle physics near Geneva. L3 is one of 4 giant particle detectors at the LEP Collider. LEP collides electrons & positrons accelerated to an energy of 50 GeV in a circular tunnel 100m underground & 27km in circumference. L3 is a cylindrical assembly of many types of apparatus - hadron & electromagnetic calorimeters, drift chambers, & a time projection chamber - which fit together like layers of an onion around the point where the particles collide. L3 is a collaboration of 460 physicists from institutions in 13 countries.
    SWI_SCI_PHY_12_xs.jpg
  • Physics: Scientist Hans Hofer at CERN..CERN is the European centre for particle physics near Geneva. L3 is one of 4 giant particle detectors at the LEP Collider. LEP collides electrons & positrons accelerated to an energy of 50 GeV in a circular tunnel 100m underground & 27km in circumference. L3 is a cylindrical assembly of many types of apparatus - hadron & electromagnetic calorimeters, drift chambers, & a time projection chamber - which fit together like layers of an onion around the point where the particles collide. L3 is a collaboration of 460 physicists from institutions in 13 countries..Geneva, Switzerland. MODEL RELEASED [1988]
    SWI_SCI_PHY_08_xs.jpg
  • The Hewlett-Packard Garage at 367 Addison Avenue in Palo Alto, California. This is California Historic Landmark 976. This garage is the birthplace of the world's first high-technology region, 'Silicon Valley'. The idea for such a region originated with Dr. Frederick Terman, a Stanford University Professor who encouraged his students to start up their own electronics companies in the area rather than joining established firms in the East. The first two students to follow his advice were William R. Hewlett and David Packard, who in 1938 began developing their first product, an audio oscillator, in this garage. (1999).
    USA_SVAL_40a_xs.jpg
  • Like a dissected mechanical insect, the hand-sized walking robot Unibug 3.2 (left) reveals its fifty-component construction to the camera's gaze. Designed by Los Alamos , New Mexico, researcher Mark Tilden, Unibug uses simple analog circuits, not the digital electronics that are in most robots, to poke its way around an amazing variety of obstacles. Digital machines must be programmed to account for every variation in their environment, Tilden argues, whereas analog machines can minimally compensate for new and different conditions. From the book Robo sapiens: Evolution of a New Species, page 116.
    USA_rs_487_120_qxxs.jpg
  • Alvaro Villa translated his boyhood love of electronics into AVG, an animatronics company he founded in the Los Angeles, California, area. Today he takes great pleasure in showing off animatronic figures like the Crypt Keeper or Little Man, the hip figure (with Villa) that "represents" the company at trade shows. Wearing a baseball cap and sneakers, it tirelessly delivers a humorous prerecorded spiel that is synchronized with a video on a screen behind it. From the book Robo sapiens: Evolution of a New Species, page 208.
    USA_rs_373_qxxs.jpg

Peter Menzel Photography

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