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DNA Fingerprinting

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  • (1992) Professor Alec Jeffreys (b. 1950), English molecular biologist and discoverer of DNA fingerprinting. In the background is an image of an autoradiogram, the visualization technique used to compare DNA samples. A DNA fingerprint is a unique genetic sequence, which identifies any individual, human or animal, from a tiny sample of tissue such as blood, hair, or sperm. Its many uses include the identification and conviction of criminals, and the proving of family relationships, such as the paternity of a child. Only monozygotic 'identical' twins share the same DNA. DNA consists of two sugar- phosphate backbones, arranged in a double helix, linked by nucleotide bases. There are 4 types of base; adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T). Sequences of these bases make up genes, which encode an organism's genetic information. The bands (black) on the autoradiogram show the sequence of bases in a sample of DNA. Jeffreys is a professor in the Department of Genetics at the University of Leicester, England. MODEL RELEASED
    GBR_SCI_DNA_09_xs.jpg
  • (1992) Professor Alec Jeffreys (b. 1950), English molecular biologist and discoverer of DNA fingerprinting. In the background is an image of an autoradiogram, the visualization technique used to compare DNA samples. A DNA fingerprint is a unique genetic sequence, which identifies any individual, human or animal, from a tiny sample of tissue such as blood, hair, or sperm. Its many uses include the identification and conviction of criminals, and the proving of family relationships, such as the paternity of a child. Only monozygotic 'identical' twins share the same DNA. DNA consists of two sugar- phosphate backbones, arranged in a double helix, linked by nucleotide bases. There are 4 types of base; adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T). Sequences of these bases make up genes, which encode an organism's genetic information. The bands (black) on the autoradiogram show the sequence of bases in a sample of DNA. Jeffreys is a professor in the Department of Genetics at the University of Leicester, England. Backgroung shows Autorad. DNA Fingerprinting. MODEL RELEASED
    GBR_SCI_DNA_08_xs.jpg
  • (1992) Professor Alec Jeffreys (b. 1950), English molecular biologist and discoverer of DNA fingerprinting. In the background is an image of an autoradiogram, the visualization technique used to compare DNA samples. A DNA fingerprint is a unique genetic sequence, which identifies any individual, human or animal, from a tiny sample of tissue such as blood, hair, or sperm. Its many uses include the identification and conviction of criminals, and the proving of family relationships, such as the paternity of a child. Only monozygotic 'identical' twins share the same DNA. DNA consists of two sugar- phosphate backbones, arranged in a double helix, linked by nucleotide bases. There are 4 types of base; adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T). Sequences of these bases make up genes, which encode an organism's genetic information. The bands (black) on the autoradiogram show the sequence of bases in a sample of DNA. Jeffreys is a professor in the Department of Genetics at the University of Leicester, England. DNA Fingerprinting. MODEL RELEASED
    GBR_SCI_DNA_07_xs.jpg
  • (1992) Professor Alec Jeffreys (b. 1950), English molecular biologist and discoverer of DNA fingerprinting. In the background is an image of an autoradiogram, the visualization technique used to compare DNA samples. A DNA fingerprint is a unique genetic sequence, which identifies any individual, human or animal, from a tiny sample of tissue such as blood, hair, or sperm. Its many uses include the identification and conviction of criminals, and the proving of family relationships, such as the paternity of a child. Only monozygotic 'identical' twins share the same DNA. DNA consists of two sugar- phosphate backbones, arranged in a double helix, linked by nucleotide bases. There are 4 types of base; adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T). Sequences of these bases make up genes, which encode an organism's genetic information. The bands (black) on the autoradiogram show the sequence of bases in a sample of DNA. Jeffreys is a professor in the Department of Genetics at the University of Leicester, England. DNA Fingerprinting. MODEL RELEASED
    GBR_SCI_DNA_10_xs.jpg
  • (1992) Professor Alec Jeffreys (b. 1950), English molecular biologist and discoverer of DNA fingerprinting. A DNA fingerprint is a unique genetic sequence, which identifies any individual, human or animal, from a tiny sample of tissue such as blood, hair, or sperm. Its many uses include the identification and conviction of criminals, and the proving of family relationships, such as the paternity of a child. Only monozygotic 'identical' twins share the same DNA. MODEL RELEASED
    GBR_SCI_DNA_11_xs.jpg
  • (1992) Narborough station, town where Lynda Mann and Dawn Ashworth resided; Lynda Mann was raped and murdered in 1983 forensic scientists took semen samples, but couldn't find a murderer. In 1986 Dawn Ashworth was murdered a similar way. Police were convinced that the same assailant had committed both murders, and the FSS recovered semen samples from Dawn's body that revealed her attacker had the same blood type as Lynda's murderer. Colin Pitchfork was arrested and his DNA profile was found to match with the semen from both murders. He was eventually sentenced to life imprisonment for the two murders in 1988.
    GBR_SCI_DNA_20_xs.jpg
  • (1992) Mrs. Kath Eastwood, Mother of Lynda Mann, holding a picture of her daughter in her living room in Enderby, UK. Lynda Mann was raped/murdered by Colin Pitchfork. The case was the first to be broken by DNA fingerprinting. 2,000 young men in the village gave blood to clear their names. Colin Pitchfork paid a co-worker to take the test and was later caught because of this attempted deception. DNA Fingerprinting. MODEL RELEASED.
    GBR_SCI_DNA_25_xs.jpg
  • (1992) Peter Gill at the home office of the Forensic Science Service, with a sample from the extraction procedure. Later it will be analyzed for a DNA profile. DNA consists of two sugar- phosphate backbones, arranged in a double helix, linked by nucleotide bases. There are 4 types of base; adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T). Sequences of these bases make up genes, which encode an organism's genetic information. DNA Fingerprinting. MODEL RELEASED
    GBR_SCI_DNA_13_xs.jpg
  • (1992) At Cambridge University, Bill Amos prepares sloughed sperm whale skin collected off of the Azores Islands in England. The skin is then DNA analyzed to study relationships among the whale population. DNA consists of two sugar- phosphate backbones, arranged in a double helix, linked by nucleotide bases. There are 4 types of base; adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T). Sequences of these bases make up genes, which encode an organism's genetic information. DNA Fingerprinting. MODEL RELEASED
    GBR_SCI_DNA_14_xs.jpg
  • (1992) Vivian Emerson, department head of Home Office, looking at DNA radiograms at the Forensic Science Service in Aldermaston, England. DNA consists of two sugar- phosphate backbones, arranged in a double helix, linked by nucleotide bases. There are 4 types of base; adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T). Sequences of these bases make up genes, which encode an organism's genetic information. The bands (black) on the autoradiogram show the sequence of bases in a sample of DNA. DNA Fingerprinting. MODEL RELEASED
    GBR_SCI_DNA_12_xs.jpg
  • (1992) At Cambridge University, Bill Amos prepares sloughed sperm whale skin collected off of the Azores Islands in England. The skin is then DNA analyzed to study relationships among the whale population. DNA consists of two sugar- phosphate backbones, arranged in a double helix, linked by nucleotide bases. There are 4 types of base; adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T). Sequences of these bases make up genes, which encode an organism's genetic information. DNA Fingerprinting. MODEL RELEASED
    GBR_SCI_DNA_15_xs.jpg
  • (1992) A glob of DNA floating in solution in a vial at Cellmark Diagnostics, England's first commercial DNA fingerprinting lab. DNA consists of two sugar- phosphate backbones, arranged in a double helix, linked by nucleotide bases. There are 4 types of base; adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T). Sequences of these bases make up genes, which encode an organism's genetic information. DNA Fingerprinting. .
    GBR_SCI_DNA_04_xs.jpg
  • (1992) Alison Thomas loading gel and putting a lid on a gel tank at Cellmark Diagnostics, England's first commercial DNA fingerprinting lab. DNA consists of two sugar- phosphate backbones, arranged in a double helix, linked by nucleotide bases. There are 4 types of base; adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T). Sequences of these bases make up genes, which encode an organism's genetic information. DNA Fingerprinting. MODEL RELEASED.
    GBR_SCI_DNA_05_xs.jpg
  • (1992) David Viskochil collects super coiled DNA from cesium chloride gradients (separates plasmid DNA from bacterial chromosomal DNA). . DNA consists of two sugar- phosphate backbones, arranged in a double helix, linked by nucleotide bases. There are 4 types of base; adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T). Sequences of these bases make up genes, which encode an organism's genetic information. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah. DNA Fingerprinting..
    USA_SCI_DNA_16_xs.jpg
  • (1992) Forensic science laboratory using DNA fingerprinting. Overhead view of laboratory technicians checking DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) autoradiograms. Labeling the DNA fragments in an electrophoresis gel with a radioactive marker chemical produces these. The gel is then placed on a piece of X-ray film; the radiation from the marker leaves a dark patch, representing each fragment, on the film after development. Comparison of autorads from two samples of DNA is the method by which a correlation may be made - so-called DNA fingerprinting.
    GBR_SCI_DNA_16_xs.jpg
  • (1992) Coding fingerprints by hand in preparation to enter the information in a computer system. Scotland Yard, London, England. DNA Fingerprinting.
    GBR_SCI_DNA_17_xs.jpg
  • (1992) A video file search of fingerprints at the Scotland Yard in London, England. DNA Fingerprinting.
    GBR_SCI_DNA_18_xs.jpg
  • (1992) Computer screen display of DNA analysis at the home office of Forensic Science Service in Aldermaston, England.
    GBR_SCI_DNA_19_xs.jpg
  • (1992) Forensic use of DNA fingerprints. A scientist taking a sample from a bloodstained pair of jeans. DNA from the sample is then sequenced, providing a DNA fingerprint (such as those seen at the edges of the frame). This may then be compared with DNA from the victim and any suspect. In some cases, this may be used in conjunction with other evidence to positively link a suspect with both the victim and the scene of a crime. Modern amplification techniques allow DNA sequences to be taken from extremely small samples, such as a few spots of blood or a few hair follicles. (Scientist here is J. Bark). MODEL RELEASED
    GBR_SCI_DNA_02_xs.jpg
  • (1992) The New York Crime Scene Unit responds to an incident in Brooklyn, examining the evidence of a grocery store robbery and get-away in a stolen car which escalated into a shootout with the police. One policeman died of a heart attack. DNA Fingerprinting.
    USA_SCI_DNA_07_xs.jpg
  • (1992) The Crime Scene Unit responding to a drug shooting in the Bronx. The victim was shot 4 times and then died. In the aftermath, detective Hank Fieldsa dusts for fingerprints. DNA Fingerprinting. MODEL RELEASED
    USA_SCI_DNA_08_xs.jpg
  • (1992) Forensic scientist at a scene of crime. The scientist here is using a laser to look for possible traces of semen at the scene of a murder. The area is sprayed with a marker, which binds to proteins in the semen. If bound, the marker fluoresces under the light from the laser. This was the scene of the murder of a 49-year-old woman who had been stabbed repeatedly. Traces of semen may be used to provide a DNA fingerprint, possibly linking a suspect to the scene.  Flushing, New York. (Scientist is Detective Roussine, NYPD.) DNA Fingerprinting. MODEL RELEASED.
    USA_SCI_DNA_04_xs.jpg
  • (1992) NYPD Crime Scene Unit responding to a possible homicide/rape of a 49-year-old white woman in her apartment in Flushing, New York. She was attacked in the kitchen, carried into the bedroom, tied and then stabbed 31 times. Detective Arnie Roussine and Kim Geis are seen using a forensic laser "Omniprint 1000" to look for traces of sperm on the bloody sheets at the foot of the bed. Roussine has served 28 years with the Crime Scene Unit---he has worked on 7,000 cases (3,000 of them have been homicides.) DNA Fingerprinting..
    USA_SCI_DNA_09_xs.jpg
  • (1992) A Crime Scene Unit response to a suicide in the Bronx. A 19-year-old young man shot himself during a family argument. In the aftermath, detective Hank Fieldsa looks for a spent cartridge in the bloody gore on the floor where he shot himself. DNA Fingerprinting. MODEL RELEASED
    USA_SCI_DNA_02_xs.jpg
  • (1992) A Crime Scene Unit response to a suicide in the Bronx. A 19-year-old young man shot himself during a family argument. In the aftermath, detective Hank Fieldsa looks for a spent cartridge in the bloody gore on the floor where he shot himself. DNA Fingerprinting. MODEL RELEASED
    USA_SCI_DNA_03_xs.jpg
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